Дигитална бесмртност – од научне фантастике до потенцијалне интернет реалности
ДОИ: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI2302251Z УДК 004.78:82.09 Оригинални научни рад
Сажетак
Развој технологијe и биотехнологијe у модерном друштву довео је до тога да бесмртност постане наизглед остварива за човечанство: медицина напредује, живот се продужава, антиејџинг технике су све заступљеније, а програмери који раде на вештачкој интелигенцији тврде да располажу могућностима за стварање дигиталних клонова свести корисника интернета. Путем истраживања постојећих пракси и интервјуа са корисницима интернета који су изгубили некога блиског, рад ће одговорити на питање колико су ово одговарајуће могућности доступне свима. Ово емпиријско истраживање сагледава реалности дигиталне бесмртности, нарочито у оквиру друштвених мрежа и онлајн простора.
Кључне речи: бесмртност, смрт, интернет, дигитална бесмртност, вештачка интелигенција
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Bennett, Jeffrey & Jenny Huberman. 2015. “From Monuments to Megapixels: Death, Memory, and Symbolic Immortality in the Contemporary United States.” Anthropological Theory 15 (3): 338–57. https://doi. org/10.1177/1463499615575943.
Bodrijar, Žan. 1993. Simbolička razmena i smrt. Gornji Milanovac: Dečije novine.
Boellstroff, Tom, Bonnie Nardi, Celia Pearce & T. L. Tazlor. 2012. Ethnography and virtual worlds: a handbook of method. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Bonifati, Nanzia. 2017. “Toward post-human: the dream of never-ending life.” In Postmortal Society: Towards a Sociology of Immortality. ed. Michael Hviid Jacobsen, 156–172. Oxon and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Brown, Guy. 2017. “The future of death and the four pathways to immortality.” In Postmortal Society: Towards a Sociology of Immortality. ed. Michael Hviid Jacobsen, 40–56. Oxon and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Brubaker, Jed R. & Gillian R. Hayes. 2011. “We will never forget you [online]: an empirical investigation of post-mortem myspace comments.” In Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW ‘11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 123–132. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/1958824.1958843
Gavrilović, Ljiljana. 1986. „Naučna fantastika mitologija tehnološkog društva.“ Etnološke sveske 7 (7): 58–63.
Doughty, Caitlin. 2014. Smoke gets in your eyes: and other lessons from the crematory. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.
Guimarães, Mário J. L. 2005. “Doing Anthropology in Cyberspace: Fieldwork Boundaries and Social Environments.” In Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet, ed. Christina Hine, 141–156. Oxford, New York: Berg.
Elias, Norbert. 2001. The Loneliness of the dying. New York: Continuum.
Ellis Gray, Selina. 2014. “The Memory Remains: Visible Presences within the Network.” Thanatos 3 (1):127–140.
Harari, Yuval Noah. 2015. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. Oxford: Signal Books.
Hebert, Randy S. 2006. “End-Of-Life Care” In The Encyclopedia of Aging: A Comprehensive Resource in Gerontology and Geriatrics, еd. Richard Schultz, 368–370. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Higgs, Paul & Ian Rees Jones. 2009 Medical Sociology and Old Age: Towards a Sociology of Health in Later Life. London: Routledge.
Irwin, Melissa D. 2015. “Mourning 2.0 – Continuing Bonds Between the Living and the Dead on Facebook.” OMEGA – Journal of Death and Dying 72 (2): 119–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222815574830.
Ito, Mizuko. 1996. “Theory, Method, and Design in Anthropologies of the Internet.” Social Science Computer Review 14 (1): 24–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443939601400107.
Jacobsen, Michael Hviid. 2017. Introduction to Postmortal Society: Towards a Sociology of Immortality. ed. Michael Hviid Jacobsen, 1–18. Oxon and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Klass, Dennis. 2006. “Continuing Conversation about Continuing Bonds.” Death Studies 30 (9): 843–858. DOI: 10.1080/07481180600886959
Lifton, Robert Joy & Olson, Eric. 1974. Living and Dying. London: Wildwood House.
Milosavljević, Ljubica. 2014a. Antropologija starosti: domovi. Beograd: Srpski geneaološki centar. Beograd: Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Milosavljević, Ljubica. 2014b. „Domovi za stare i ostale ’druge’.“ Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae 33 (1): 139–151.
Olshansky, S. Jay. 2006. “Anti-Aging Medicine” In The Encyclopedia of Aging: A Comprehensive Resource in Gerontology and Geriatrics, ed. Richard Schultz. 68–69. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Osterman, Lindsey L. & Theresa A. Hecmanczuk. 2020. “Parasocial forgiveness: The roles of parasocial closeness and offense perceptions.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37 (3): 800–820.
Pavićević, Aleksandra. 2011. Vreme (bez)smrti: Predstave o smrti u Srbiji od 19–21. veka. Beograd: Etnografskи institut SANU.
Sofka, Carla J, Gibson, Allison and Silberman, Danielle R. 2017. “Digital immortality or digital death? Contemplating digital end-of-life planning.” In Postmortal Society: Towards a Sociology of Immortality. ed. Michael Hviid Jacobsen, 173–196. Oxon and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Sofka, Carla. 2020. “The Transition from Life to the Digital Afterlife: Thanatechnology and Its Impact on Grief.” In Digital Afterlife – Death Matters in a Digital Age. Ed. Maggi Savin-Baden and Victoria Mason-Robbie, 57–74. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group.
Toma, L.V. 1980. Antropologija smrti II. Beograd: Prosveta.
van Belkom, Rudy. 2019. “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Activities of a Futurist.” World Futures Review 12 (2): 156–168. https://doi. org/10.1177/1946756719875720.
Van House, Nancy & Elizabeth F. Churchill. 2008. “Technologies of Memory: Key Issues and Critical Perspectives.” Memory Studies 1 (3): 295–310. https://doi. org/10.1177/1750698008093795.
Vincent, John. 2006. “Anti-ageing Science and the Future of Old Age.” In The Futures of Old Age, eds. John A. Vincent, Chris Phillipson & Murna Downs. 192–200. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Vuković, Radenko. 2007. „Umiranje i smrt.“ U Sudska medicina, ur. Miloš Tasić, 343–352. Novi Sad: Zmaj.
Walter, Tony. 1994. The Revival of Death. London and New York: Routledge.
Walter, Tony. 1996. “Ritualising death in a consumer society.” RSA Journal 144 (5468): 32–40.
Walter, Tony. 2017. “How the dead survive: Ancestors, immortality, memory.” In Postmortal Society: Towards a Sociology of Immortality. ed. Michael Hviid Jacobsen, 19–39. Oxfordon and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Yan, Qing & Yang, Fan. 2021. “From parasocial to parakin: Co-creating idols on social media.” New Media & Society 23 (9): 2593–2615.doi:10.1177/1461444820933313
Zlatović, Anja. 2021. „Dok nas smrt ne rastavi i ne učitaju nas u klonove: analiza narativa o digitalnoj besmrtnosti.“ Etnoantropološki problemi 16 (2): 529–548.
Zlatović, Anja. 2022. „Vremenski proces smrti na internetu.“ Antropologija 22 (1): 9–34.
Sources:
Friend, Tad. 2017. „Živjeti vječno“. Preveo Vladan Kosorić. Peščanik. https:// pescanik.net/zivjeti-vjecno/ (pristupljeno 13. 03. 2022).
Hanson Robotics. 2022. „Bina“ https://www.hansonrobotics.com/bina48-9/ (pristupljeno 3. 1. 2022).
Kneese, Tamara. 2014. „QR Codes for the Dead”. The Atlantic. https:// www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/05/qr-codes-for-the- dead/370901/(pristupljeno 25. 05. 2023).
Newton, Casey. 2016. „SPEAK, MEMORY“ The Verge. https://www.theverge. com/a/luka-artificial-intelligence-memorial-roman-mazurenko-bot (pristupljeno 13. 12. 2021).
QR Memories. 2023. „QR Memories“ https://qr-memories.com/ (pristupljeno 25. 05. 2023).
Aging Reversed. 2016. “Martine Rothblatt - The death of Death” https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=w2egvtgealM (pristupljeno 2. 01. 2022).
Quaring. 2023. “Living Headstones QR Code” https://monuments.com/store/ headstones-accessories/living-headstones-qr-code#:~:text=Living%20 Headstones%C2%AE%20QR%20Codes,a%20personalized%20memorial%20 web%20page. (pristupljeno 25. 05. 2023).
Snapes, Laura. 2019. “Amy Winehouse hologram tour postponed due to ‘unique sensitivities’.” The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/ feb/22/amy-winehouse-hologram-tour-postponed (pristupljeno 3. 01. 2022).
TED. 2015. “Martine Rothblatt: My daughter, my wife, our robot, and the quest for immortality” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTJpJlVkRTA (pristupljeno 4. 02. 2022).
Објављено
30.09.2023.
Како цитирати
ZLATOVIĆ, Anja.
Дигитална бесмртност – од научне фантастике до потенцијалне интернет реалности.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 71, n. 2, p. 251–273, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/1072>.
Датум приступа: 19 may 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/1072>.
Датум приступа: 19 may 2024
