Предузетништво као облик интеграције: искуства бивших избеглица у Београду, Србија
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1803641P UDK 39:314.7.745.3-054.73(497.11) Original research paper 641
Сажетак
У раду се истражује предузетништво избеглица као могући вид интеграције у друштво
земље пријема. С обзиром на то да је интеграција комплексан и динамичан процес,
коришћена је интердисциплинарна перспектива проучавања миграција. Рад се базира
на квалитативном истраживању, на основу три дискусије, организоване путем фокус
група, са бившим избеглицама – предузетницима из Босне и Херцеговине и Хрватске,
који су настањени у Београду. То је претежно српска популација, која је чинила
већину становништва избеглог у Србију током 1990-их из бивших југословенских
република. Резултати показују на који начин су се бивше избеглице
путемпредузетништва и самозапослења укључиле на тржиште рада. Истраживање се
фокусира на могућности развитка малих предузећа, и то кроз три перспективе: мотиве уласка у предузетништво, људски и социјални капитал, као и институционално и
друштвено окружење. Резултати показују да је улазак у предузетништво углавном
последица немогућности проналаска адекватног или било ког вида запослења. За
започињање и развитак предузетничких активности учесници у истраживању
углавном се ослањају на чланове породице и друштвене мреже међу избегличком
популацијом. Посебно су истакнуте касније стратегије пословног развитка, које
укључују излазак на отворено тржиште и коришћење његових могућности, као и
транснационалне активности.
Кључне речи: интеграција, предузетништво избеглица, стратегије развоја малих
предузећа, друштвене мреже, Србија
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Potential and Practice.” International Entrepreneurship and Management
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Wauters, Bram & Johan Lambrecht. 2008. “Barriers to Refugee Entrepreneurship in
Belgium: Towards an Explanatory Model.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration
Studies 34 (6): 895-915.
Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung. 2002. “Entrepreneurship in international business: an
institutional perspective.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 19 (1): 29–
61.
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Canada: A Survey of Empirical Evidence and Existing Services.” Refuge
24 (2): 17-34.
Примљено / Received: 11. 04. 2018.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 30. 10. 2018.
Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies 21 (2): 166-191.
Аllen, Richard, Angela Li Rosi & Maria Skeie. 2010. Should I Stay or Should I Go?
A Review of UNHCR’s Response to the Protracted Refugee Situation in
Serbia and Croatia. http:// www.unhcr.org/4d08e19a9.pdf. Accessed 7
April 2017.
Babovic, Marija, Cvejic Slobodan & Rakic Danilo. 2007. Položaj izbeglica na
tržištu rada i učešće u aktivnim merama zapošljavanja. Beograd: Grupa
484.
Baltar, Fabiola & Ignasi Brunet Icart. 2013. “Entrepreneurial gain, cultural similarity
and transnational entrepreneurship.” Global Networks 13 (2): 200–219.
Bevelander, Pieter. 2009. “In the picture – resettled refugees in Sweden.” In Resettled
and Included? The employment integration of resettled refugees in
Sweden, eds. Pieter Bevelander, M. Hagström, & S. Rönnqvist, 49-81.
Malmö: Malmö University.
Brubaker, Rogers. 1995. “Aftermaths of Empire and the unmixing of peoples: historical
and comparative perspectives.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 18 (2):
180-218.
Capo-Zmegac, Jasna. 2007. Strangers Either Way: The Lives of Croatian Refugees
in Their New Home. New York: Bergham.
Chaganti, Radha & Patricia Greene. 2002. “Who Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs? A
Study of Entrepreneurs’ Ethnic Involvement and Business Characteristics.”
Journal of Small Business Management 40 (2): 126-143.
Connor, Philip. 2010. “Explaining the Refugee Gap: Economic Outcomes of Refugees
Versus Other Immigrants.” Journal of Refugee Studies 23 (3): 377-
397.
Djordjevic-Crnobrnja, Jadranka. 2017. “‘Ne skretati pažnju na sebe‘ - da li je i za
koga integracija migranata važna? Goranci u Beogradu.” Glasnik
Etnografskog instituta SANU 65 (3):619-637.
Dragojevic, Mila. 2013. “Incorporation beyond identity: co-ethnic immigrants in
Serbia.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (12): 2096-2116.
Garnham, Andrea. 2006. “Refugees and the Entrepreneurial Process.” Labour, Employment
and Work in New Zealand 9 (1): 156-165.
Gold, J. Steven. 1992. “The Employment Potentials of Refugee Entrepreneurship:
Soviet Jews and Vietnamese in California.” Policy Studies Review 11 (2):
176-186.
GORS - Vlada Republike Srbije. 2014. Strategija za podršku razvoju malih i
srednjih preduzeća, preduzetništva i konkurentnosti (2015-2020). Službeni
glasnik Republike Srbije. 31/15.
Heleniak, Timothy. 1997. “Mass Migration in Post-Soviet Space.” Transition 8 (5):
15-18.
Jacobsen, Karen. 2005. The Economic Life of Refugees. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian
Press.
Kloosterman, Robert & Jan Rath. 2010. “Shifting Landscapes of Immigrant Entrepreneurship.”
In Open for Business: Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries, OECD, 101-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264095830-en.
Accessed 28 March 2017.
Kloosterman, Robert, Joanne Van Der Leun & Jan Rath. 1999. “Mixed Embeddedness:
(In) Formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the
Netherlands.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23
(2): 253-267.
Light, Ivan. 2004. “The Ethnic ownership Economy.” In Ethnic Entrepreneurship:
Structure and Process, eds. Curt Stiles & Craig Galbraith, 3-44. Amsterdam:
Elseiver Science.
Lukic, Vesna & Vladimir Nikitovic. 2004. “Refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina
in Serbia: A Study of Refugee Selectivity.” International Migration 42 (4):
85–110.
Lukic, Vesna. 2015. Dve decenije izbeglištva u Srbiji. Beograd: RZS.
OECD. 2013. The Missing Entrepreneurs: Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship
in Europe. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264188167-en. Accessed 28
March 2017.
Mesters, Josep. 2010. “Migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries and its contribution
to employment.” In Open for Business: Migrant Entrepreneurship
in OECD Countries, OECD, 101-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264095830-en. Accessed 28 March 2017.
Mestheneos, Elizabeth & Elizabeth Ioannidi. 2002. “Obstacles to Refugee Integration
in the European Union Member States.” Journal of Refugee Studies 15
(3): 304-320.
ORR (Office of Refugee Resettlement). 2007. Report of the Integration Working
Group. http://www.ised.us/template/page.cfm?id=207. Accessed 29 May
2017.
Pavlov, Tanja, Jelena Predojevic-Despic & Svetlana Milutinovic. 2013.
“Transnacionalno preduzetništvo: iskustva migranata povratnika u Srbiju.”
Sociologija 55 (2): 261-282.
UNHCR. 2005. Conclusion on Local Integration, No. 104 (LVI). Executive Committee
of the High Commissioner’s Programme, 7 October 2005.
www.unhcr.org/4357a91b2.html. Accessed 3 May 2017.
UNHCR. 2010. 2009 Global Trends Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Returnees,
Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons. Division of Programme
Support and Management. 15 June 2010. www.unhcr.org/4c11f0be9.pdf.
Accessed 3 May 2016.
Vah-Jevsnik, Mojca & Marina Luksic-Hacin. 2011. “Theorising Immigrant/Ethnic
Entrepreneurship in the Context of Welfare States.” Migracijske i etničke
teme 27 (2): 249-261.
Valenzuela, Abel. 2001. “Day Labourers as Entrepreneurs?” Journal of Ethnic and
Migration Studies 27 (2): 335-352.
Valtonen, Kathleen. 2004. “From the Margin to the Mainstream: Conceptualizing
Refugee Resettlement Process.” Journal of Refugee Studies 17 (1): 70-96.
Waldinger, Roger. 1986. Through the eye of the needle: Immigrants and enterprise
in New York’s garment trades. New York: New York University Press.
Waldinger, Roger, Howard Aldrich & Robin Ward. 1990. “Opportunities, Group
Characteristics, and Strategies.” In Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Immigrant Businesses
in Industrial Societies, eds. Robert Waldinger, Howard Aldrich &
Robin Ward, 13-48. Newbury Park: Sage.
Wauters, Bram & Johan Lambrecht. 2006. “Refugee Entrepreneurship in Belgium:
Potential and Practice.” International Entrepreneurship and Management
Journal 2 (4): 509-525.
Wauters, Bram & Johan Lambrecht. 2008. “Barriers to Refugee Entrepreneurship in
Belgium: Towards an Explanatory Model.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration
Studies 34 (6): 895-915.
Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung. 2002. “Entrepreneurship in international business: an
institutional perspective.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 19 (1): 29–
61.
Yu, Soojin, Estelle Ouellet & Angelyin Warmington. 2007. “Refugee Integration in
Canada: A Survey of Empirical Evidence and Existing Services.” Refuge
24 (2): 17-34.
Примљено / Received: 11. 04. 2018.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 30. 10. 2018.
Објављено
20.01.2030.
Како цитирати
PREDOJEVIĆ-DESPIĆ (SERBIA), Jelena; LUKIĆ (SERBIA), Vesna.
Предузетништво као облик интеграције: искуства бивших избеглица у Београду, Србија.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 66, n. 3, p. 641-655, jan. 2030.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/768>.
Датум приступа: 25 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/768>.
Датум приступа: 25 apr. 2024
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