‘Корупцију не можете искоренити’: ставови железничких радника о држави у постсоцијалистичкој Србији
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1701047K UDC 321.6/.8:328.185(497.11) Original scientific paper
Сажетак
У овом чланку анализирам како су железничари у једном малом граду у Србији
оцењивали оно што су опажали као умножавање коруптивних пракси у свом
предузећу и у држави. Корупција је одговор на промене социоекономских односа, али
уједно представља и конститутивни елемент који доприноси тим променама.
Наративи о корупцији откривају материјални темељ социоекономских промена од
1980-их, као и рад који људи морају уложити да би нашли смисао у тим променама и
прилагодили им се. Држава је играла експлицитну и имплицитну улогу у тим
наративима као предмет критике. У последње три деценије, српска држава се мењала
подједнако одозго – због транснационалних притисака и економских проблема са
којима се суочавала – и одоздо – праксама појединаца и појединки уплетених у
државне структуре. Колапс државног подмиривања потреба и повећања друштвених
неједнакости учинили су да коруптивне праксе постану кључно важне за
обезбеђивање редистрибутивних државних функција и стварање нових канала за
стицање капитала. У тим околностима, неке коруптивне праксе (попут шверца)
прихватају се као неопходне, док се у исто време друге (попут лошег управљања предузећем) осуђују као сувишне или потпуно криминалне на основу разлике између
простог материјалног подмиривања потреба и нечијег обогаћивања на штету других.
Кључне речи: корупција, држава, железничари, шефови, Србија.
Reference
Anders, Gerhard, and Monique Nuijten. 2007. “Corruption and the Secret of Law:
An introduction.” In Corruption and the Secret of Law: A Legal Anthropological
Perspective, eds. Monique Nuijten and Gerhard Anders, 1–24. Aldershot:
Ashgate.
Archer, Rory, and Krisztina Rácz. 2012. “Šverc and the Šinobus: Small-Scale
Smuggling in Vojvodina.” In Subverting Borders, eds. Bettina Bruns and
Judith Miggelbrink, 59–83.
Bajić-Hajduković, Ivana. 2014. “Remembering the ‘Embargo Cake:’ The Legacy of
Hyperinflation and the UN Sanctions in Serbia.” Contemporary Southeastern
Europe 1 (2): 61–79.
Brković, Čarna. 2015. “Management of Ambiguity: Favours and Flexibility in Bosnia
and Herzegovina.” Social Anthropology 23 (3): 268–82.
Burawoy, Michael. 1985. The Politics of Production: Factory Regimes under Capitalism
and Socialism. London: Verso.
Carbonella, August, and Sharryn Kasmir. 2015. “Dispossession, Disorganization
and the Anthropology of Labor.” In Anthropologies of Class: Power, Practice,
and Inequality, eds. James G. Carrier and Don Kalb, 41–52. Cambridge,
UK: Cambridge University Press.
Das, Veena, and Deborah Poole. 2004. “State and Its Margins: Comparative Ethnographies.”
In Anthropology in the Margins of the State, eds. Veena Das
and Deborah Poole, 3–33. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research
Press.
Dinkić, Mlađan. 1997. Ekonomija destrukcije: Velika pljačka naroda. Belgrade:
Stubovi kulture.
Elyachar, Julia. 2005. Markets of Dispossession: NGOs, Economic Development,
and the State in Cairo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
European Commission. 2015. “Screening Report Serbia: Chapter 14 – Transport
Policy.” http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/serbia/screening reports/screening_
report_ch_14_serbia.pdf.
Ferguson, James, and Akhil Gupta. 2002. “Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography
of Neoliberal Governmentality.” American Ethnologist 29 (4): 981–
1002.
Greenberg, Jessica. 2011. “On the Road to Normal: Negotiating Agency and State
Sovereignty in Postsocialist Serbia.” American Anthropologist 113 (1): 88–
100.
Hasty, Jennifer. 2005. “The Pleasures of Corruption: Desire and Discipline in Ghanaian
Political Culture.” Cultural Anthropology 20 (2): 271–301.
Humphrey, Caroline. 2002. The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies after
Socialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
International Monetary Fund. 2006. “IMF Country Report No. 06/58 Republic of
Serbia.” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr0658.pdf.
International Monetary Fund. 2011. “IMF Country Report No. 11/9 Republic of
Serbia.” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2011/cr1109.pdf.
International Monetary Fund. 2016. “IMF Country Report No. 16/287 Republic of
Serbia.” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2016/cr16287.pdf.
Jansen, Stef. 2015. Yearnings in the Meantime. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Jauregui, Beatrice. 2014. “Provisional Agency in India: Jugaad and Legitimation of
Corruption.” American Ethnologist 41 (1): 76–91.
Jessop, Bob. 2008. State Power: A Strategic-Relational Approach. Cambridge,
U.K.: Polity.
Kojanic, Ognjen. 2015. “Nostalgia as a Practice of the Self in Post-Socialist Serbia.”
Canadian Slavonic Papers 57 (3–4): 195–212.
Lyon, James. 1996. “Yugoslavia’s Hyperinflation, 1993-1994: A Social History.”
East European Politics and Societies 10 (2): 293–327.
Mikuš, Marek. 2016. “The Justice of Neoliberalism: Moral Ideology and Redistributive
Politics of Public-Sector Retrenchment in Serbia.” Social Anthropology
24 (2): 211–27.
“Monopolisti, a gubitaši.” 2014. Politika Online, 26. jul.
http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/300387/Sve-tajne-javnogresora/
Monopolisti-a-gubitasi.
Musić, Goran. 2013. Serbia’s Working Class in Transition, 1988-2013. Belgrade:
Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
“Naplatne rampe kao rudnici zlata.” 2007. Politika Online, 29. maj.
http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/26420/naplatne-rampe-kao-rudnici-zlata.
Olivier de Sardan, J. P. 1999. “A Moral Economy of Corruption in Africa?” The
Journal of Modern African Studies 37 (1): 25–52.
Ries, Nancy. 2002. “‘Honest Bandits’ and ‘Warped People’: Russian Narratives
about Money, Corruption, and Moral Decay.” In Ethnography in Unstable
Places, eds. Carol J. Greenhouse, Elizabeth Mertz, and Kay B. Warren,
276–315. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Roitman, Janet. 2005. Fiscal Disobedience: An Anthropology of Economic Regulation
in Central Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Simić, Marina. 2014. Kosmopolitska čežnja: Etnografija srpskog postsocijalizma.
Beograd: Centar za studije kulture FPN & Čigoja štampa.
Sörensen, Jens Stilhoff. 2003. “War as Social Transformation: Wealth, Class, Power
and an Illiberal Economy in Serbia.” Civil Wars 6 (4): 55–82.
Spasić, Ivana. 2012. “Jugoslavija kao mesto normalnog života: sećanja običnih ljudi
u Srbiji.” Sociologija 54 (4): 577–94.
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2005. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
“U ‘Železnicama’ tri hiljade radnika manje.” 2016. Politika Online, 21. decembar.
http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/370441/U-Zeleznicama-tri-hiljaderadnika-
manje.
World Bank. 2008. “ICR871 Implementation Completion and Results Report - First
Programmatic Private and Financial Development Policy Credit.”
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/927111468100761613/pdf/ICR
8710ICR0P081closed0August0402008.pdf.
YouTube.com. 2015. Velja Ilić podržava kraduckanje.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ7_Fi953es.
Примљено / Received: 19. 01. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 21. 03. 2017.
An introduction.” In Corruption and the Secret of Law: A Legal Anthropological
Perspective, eds. Monique Nuijten and Gerhard Anders, 1–24. Aldershot:
Ashgate.
Archer, Rory, and Krisztina Rácz. 2012. “Šverc and the Šinobus: Small-Scale
Smuggling in Vojvodina.” In Subverting Borders, eds. Bettina Bruns and
Judith Miggelbrink, 59–83.
Bajić-Hajduković, Ivana. 2014. “Remembering the ‘Embargo Cake:’ The Legacy of
Hyperinflation and the UN Sanctions in Serbia.” Contemporary Southeastern
Europe 1 (2): 61–79.
Brković, Čarna. 2015. “Management of Ambiguity: Favours and Flexibility in Bosnia
and Herzegovina.” Social Anthropology 23 (3): 268–82.
Burawoy, Michael. 1985. The Politics of Production: Factory Regimes under Capitalism
and Socialism. London: Verso.
Carbonella, August, and Sharryn Kasmir. 2015. “Dispossession, Disorganization
and the Anthropology of Labor.” In Anthropologies of Class: Power, Practice,
and Inequality, eds. James G. Carrier and Don Kalb, 41–52. Cambridge,
UK: Cambridge University Press.
Das, Veena, and Deborah Poole. 2004. “State and Its Margins: Comparative Ethnographies.”
In Anthropology in the Margins of the State, eds. Veena Das
and Deborah Poole, 3–33. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research
Press.
Dinkić, Mlađan. 1997. Ekonomija destrukcije: Velika pljačka naroda. Belgrade:
Stubovi kulture.
Elyachar, Julia. 2005. Markets of Dispossession: NGOs, Economic Development,
and the State in Cairo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
European Commission. 2015. “Screening Report Serbia: Chapter 14 – Transport
Policy.” http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/serbia/screening reports/screening_
report_ch_14_serbia.pdf.
Ferguson, James, and Akhil Gupta. 2002. “Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography
of Neoliberal Governmentality.” American Ethnologist 29 (4): 981–
1002.
Greenberg, Jessica. 2011. “On the Road to Normal: Negotiating Agency and State
Sovereignty in Postsocialist Serbia.” American Anthropologist 113 (1): 88–
100.
Hasty, Jennifer. 2005. “The Pleasures of Corruption: Desire and Discipline in Ghanaian
Political Culture.” Cultural Anthropology 20 (2): 271–301.
Humphrey, Caroline. 2002. The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies after
Socialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
International Monetary Fund. 2006. “IMF Country Report No. 06/58 Republic of
Serbia.” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr0658.pdf.
International Monetary Fund. 2011. “IMF Country Report No. 11/9 Republic of
Serbia.” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2011/cr1109.pdf.
International Monetary Fund. 2016. “IMF Country Report No. 16/287 Republic of
Serbia.” http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2016/cr16287.pdf.
Jansen, Stef. 2015. Yearnings in the Meantime. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Jauregui, Beatrice. 2014. “Provisional Agency in India: Jugaad and Legitimation of
Corruption.” American Ethnologist 41 (1): 76–91.
Jessop, Bob. 2008. State Power: A Strategic-Relational Approach. Cambridge,
U.K.: Polity.
Kojanic, Ognjen. 2015. “Nostalgia as a Practice of the Self in Post-Socialist Serbia.”
Canadian Slavonic Papers 57 (3–4): 195–212.
Lyon, James. 1996. “Yugoslavia’s Hyperinflation, 1993-1994: A Social History.”
East European Politics and Societies 10 (2): 293–327.
Mikuš, Marek. 2016. “The Justice of Neoliberalism: Moral Ideology and Redistributive
Politics of Public-Sector Retrenchment in Serbia.” Social Anthropology
24 (2): 211–27.
“Monopolisti, a gubitaši.” 2014. Politika Online, 26. jul.
http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/300387/Sve-tajne-javnogresora/
Monopolisti-a-gubitasi.
Musić, Goran. 2013. Serbia’s Working Class in Transition, 1988-2013. Belgrade:
Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
“Naplatne rampe kao rudnici zlata.” 2007. Politika Online, 29. maj.
http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/26420/naplatne-rampe-kao-rudnici-zlata.
Olivier de Sardan, J. P. 1999. “A Moral Economy of Corruption in Africa?” The
Journal of Modern African Studies 37 (1): 25–52.
Ries, Nancy. 2002. “‘Honest Bandits’ and ‘Warped People’: Russian Narratives
about Money, Corruption, and Moral Decay.” In Ethnography in Unstable
Places, eds. Carol J. Greenhouse, Elizabeth Mertz, and Kay B. Warren,
276–315. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Roitman, Janet. 2005. Fiscal Disobedience: An Anthropology of Economic Regulation
in Central Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Simić, Marina. 2014. Kosmopolitska čežnja: Etnografija srpskog postsocijalizma.
Beograd: Centar za studije kulture FPN & Čigoja štampa.
Sörensen, Jens Stilhoff. 2003. “War as Social Transformation: Wealth, Class, Power
and an Illiberal Economy in Serbia.” Civil Wars 6 (4): 55–82.
Spasić, Ivana. 2012. “Jugoslavija kao mesto normalnog života: sećanja običnih ljudi
u Srbiji.” Sociologija 54 (4): 577–94.
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2005. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
“U ‘Železnicama’ tri hiljade radnika manje.” 2016. Politika Online, 21. decembar.
http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/370441/U-Zeleznicama-tri-hiljaderadnika-
manje.
World Bank. 2008. “ICR871 Implementation Completion and Results Report - First
Programmatic Private and Financial Development Policy Credit.”
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/927111468100761613/pdf/ICR
8710ICR0P081closed0August0402008.pdf.
YouTube.com. 2015. Velja Ilić podržava kraduckanje.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ7_Fi953es.
Примљено / Received: 19. 01. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 21. 03. 2017.
Објављено
31.08.2017.
Како цитирати
KOJANIĆ (UNITED STATES), Ognjen.
‘Корупцију не можете искоренити’: ставови железничких радника о држави у постсоцијалистичкој Србији.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 65, n. 1, p. 47-63, aug. 2017.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/71>.
Датум приступа: 18 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/71>.
Датум приступа: 18 apr. 2024
Број часописа
Секција
Тема броја
