Брига за државу: ‘нормалност’, државотворни ефекaт и захтеви за прерасподелу у Србији
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1701031R UDC 39:321.6/.8:331.56(497.11) Original scientific paper
Сажетак
Етнографије постјугословенских земаља се често фокусирају на производњу
„државотворног ефекта” у наративима друштвеног хаоса, односно на нормативну
имагинацију која прожима чежње за „нормалним животом”. На основу етнографског
теренског истраживања међу различитим групама везаним за фабрике “Заставиног”
индустријског комплекса Крагујевцу – од љубитеља аутомобила до незапослених –
анализирам како се такве устаљене дискурзивне концепције мењају током дуготрајног
бивања вишком на тржишту рада, а у положају зависности од државе као новог
интервенционистичког хегемона. Моји испитаници су веровали да значајна позитивна
промена може доћи само од државе, као и да су они који су искључени из те државе
морално способнији да обављају њене кључне функције од самих државника и
бирократа. Претварајући моралну супериорност у захтев за расподелом, они су
описивали себе не само као праведно заслужне већ и материјално вредне за државу.
Овај процес расветљава нови хегемонијски оквир који тренутно трансформише
социјалну државу у Србији, и прагматичне адаптације друштвених актера.
Кључне речи: нормалност, државотворни ефекат, морално позиционирање,
заслужност, незапосленост, Србија.
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geopolitics of entrapment in the EU's immediate outside.” Journal of
the Royal Anthropological Institute 15 (4): 815-832.
Jansen, Stef. 2014. “Hope For/Against the State: Gridding in a Besieged Sarajevo
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state-formation after the cultural turn, ed. George Steinmetz, 76-97. Ithaca:
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Asia. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Ries, Nancy. 2002. “’Honest Bandits’ and ‘Warped People’: Russian Narratives
about Money, Corruption and Moral Decay.” In Ethnography in unstable
places: everyday lives in contexts of dramatic political change, eds. Carol
J. Greenhouse et al, 276-315. Durham & London: Duke University Press.
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Stiftung.
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Beograd: Centar za Studije kulture Fakulteta političkih nauka & Čigoja
štampa.
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and Society in Post-Socialist Serbia.” Glasnik Etnografskog instituta
SANU LXIV (1): 93-105.
Spasić, Ivana. 2012. “Jugoslavija kao mesto normalnog života: sećanja običnih ljudi
u Srbiji.” Sociologija 54 (4): 577-594.
Spasić, Ivana. 2013. Kultura na delu: društvena transformacija Srbije iz burdijeovske
perspektive. Beograd: Fabrika knjiga.
Spasić, Ivana & Ana Birešev. 2012a. “The State as the Great Classifier.” In Social
and cultural capital in Western Balkan societies, eds. Predrag Cvetičanin
& Ana Birešev, 145-160. Niš & Beograd: Centar za empirijske studije kulture
jugoistočne Evrope & Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju.
Spasić, Ivana & Ana Birešev. 2012b. “Social Classifications in Serbia Today Between
Morality and Politics.” In Social and cultural capital in Serbia, ed.
Predrag Cvetičanin, 139-158. Niš: Centre for Empirical Cultural Studies of
South-East Europe.
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at the margins of a Siberian state collective.” In The vanishing ruble: barter
networks and non-monetary transactions in post-Soviet societies, ed.
Paul Seabright, 345-362. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ssorin-Chaikov, Nikolai V. 2003. The social life of the state in subarctic Siberia.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Thelen, Tatjana, Andre Thiemann & Duška Roth. 2014. “State Kinning and Kinning
the State in Serbian Elder Care Programs.” Social Analysis 58 (3):
107-123.
van de Port, Mattijs. 1998. Gypsies, Wars and Other Instances of the Wild: Civilization
and Its Discontents in a Serbian Town. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University
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Communism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Živković, Marko. 2009. “Little Cars that Make us Cry: Yugoslav Fića as a Vehicle
for Social Commentary and Ritual Restoration of Innocence”. In Vehicles:
cars, canoes, and other metaphors of moral ambivalence, eds. David Handler
& Richard Lipset, 111-132. London: Berghahn.
Živković, Marko. 2011. Serbian Dreambook: National Imaginary in the Time of
Milošević. Bloomington and Indianopolis: Indiana University Press.
Примљено / Received: 19. 01. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 21. 03. 2017.
Hyperinflation and the UN Sanctions in Serbia.” Contemporary Southeastern
Europe 1 (2): 61-79.
Brković, Čarna. 2016. “Depoliticization ‘from Below’: Everyday Humanitarianism
in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Narodna umjetnost 53 (1): 97-115.
Ferguson, James. 2015. Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution.
New York: Duke University Press.
Gilbert, Andrew, Jessica Greenberg, Elissa Helms & Stef Jansen. 2008. “Reconsidering
Postsocialism from the Margins of Europe: Hope, Time and Normalcy
in Post-Yugoslav Societies.” Anthropology News 49 (8): 10-11.
Greenberg, Jessica. 2011. “On the Road to Normal: Negotiating Agency and State
Sovereignty in Postsocialist Serbia.” American Anthropologist 113 (1): 88-
100.
Gupta, Akhil. 1995. “Blurred Boundaries: The Discourse of Corruption, the Culture
of Politics, and the Imagined State.” American Ethnologist 22 (2): 375-402.
Helms, Elissa. 2007. “’Politics is a Whore’: Women, Morality and Victimhood in
Post-War Bosnia - Herzegovina.” In The new Bosnian mozaic: identities,
memories and moral claims in a post-war society, eds. Xavier Bougarel,
Elissa Helms & Ger Duijzings, 235-253. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Herzfeld, Michael. 2005. Cultural Intimacy: Social Poetics in the Nation-State.
Second edition. New York & London: Routledge.
Humphrey, Caroline. 2012. “Favors and ‘normal heroes’: the case of postsocialist
higher education.” HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 2 (2): 22-41.
Jansen, Stef. 2005. Antinacionalizam: etnografija otpora u Beogradu i Zagrebu.
Beograd: XX vek.
Jansen, Stef. 2009. “After the red passport: towards an anthropology of the everyday
geopolitics of entrapment in the EU's immediate outside.” Journal of
the Royal Anthropological Institute 15 (4): 815-832.
Jansen, Stef. 2014. “Hope For/Against the State: Gridding in a Besieged Sarajevo
Suburb.” Ethnos 79 (2): 238-260.
Jansen, Stef. 2015. Yearnings in the Meantime: Normal Lives and the State in a Sarajevo
Apartment Complex. Oxford: Berghahn.
Kojanić, Ognjen. 2015. “Nostalgia as a practice of the self in post-socialist Serbia.”
Canadian Slavonic Papers 57 (3-4): 195-212.
Kosmatopoulos, Nikolas. 2011. “Toward an Anthropology of 'State Failure': Lebanon's
Leviathan and Peace Expertise.” Social Analysis 55 (3): 115-142.
Lazić, Mladen & Jelena Pešić. 2012. Making and unmaking state-centered capitalism
in Serbia. Beograd: Čigoja štampa.
Mikuš, Marek. 2015. “The justice of neoliberalism: moral ideology and redistributive
politics of public-sector retrenchment in Serbia.” Social Anthropology
24 (2): 211–227.
Mikuš, Marek & Goran Dokić. 2015. “’Nobody's Stronger than the State’: Crisis
and Hope among Serbian NGO Workers and Veterans.” Ethnologia Balkanica
18: 385-404.
Mitchell, Timothy. 1999. “Society, economy, and the state effect.” In State/culture:
state-formation after the cultural turn, ed. George Steinmetz, 76-97. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press.
Mitić, Gordana. 2003. “Društvene promene i očekivanja građana Kragujevca“. U
Politika i svakodnevni život: Srbija 1999-2002, prir. Zagorka Golubović,
Ivana Spasić & Đorđe Pavićević, 255-272. Beograd: Institut za filozofiju i
društvenu teoriju.
Navaro-Yashin, Yashin. 2002. Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in
Turkey. Princeton: University Press.
Nezavisna svetlost. 2000. “Kragujevčani pišu žalbe: knjiga do neba“ (17. 02.
2000.), 17-18.
Pine, Frances. 1999. “Incorporation and Exclusion in the Podhale.” In Lilies of the
field: marginal people who live for the moment, eds. Sophie Day, Evthymios
Papataxiarchis & Michael Stewart, 45-60. London: Westview Press.
Rajković, Ivan. forthcoming. “From familial to familiar: corruption, political intimacy
and the reshaping of relatedness in Serbia.” In Reconnecting statehood
and kinship: temporalities, scales, classifications, eds. Tatjana Thelen
& Erdmute Alber. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.
Rajković, Ivan. 2015. “’We should now gather as Serbs, to become workers again’:
labour, morality and national redemption in neoliberal Serbia.” SSEES
Centenary blog, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ssees/centenary/sca-conferenceblog-
publication/i-rajkovic-blog.
Ramet, Pedro. 1985. “Apocalypse Culture and Social Change in Yugoslavia.” In
Yugoslavia in the 1980s, ed. Pedro Ramet, 3-26. Boulder, CO & London:
Westview Press.
Read, Rosie & Tatjana Thelen. 2007. “Introduction. Social security and care after
socialism: Reconfigurations of public and private.” Focaal 50: 3-18.
Reeves, Madeleine. 2014. Border Work: Spatial Lives of the State in Rural Central
Asia. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Ries, Nancy. 2002. “’Honest Bandits’ and ‘Warped People’: Russian Narratives
about Money, Corruption and Moral Decay.” In Ethnography in unstable
places: everyday lives in contexts of dramatic political change, eds. Carol
J. Greenhouse et al, 276-315. Durham & London: Duke University Press.
Ružica, Miroslav. 2010. “Država i/ili tržište – neoliberalizam i/ili socijaldemokratija.”
U Kako građani Srbije vide tranziciju: istraživanje javnog mnjenja
tranzicije, prir. Srećko Mihajlović et al, 29-46. Beograd: Friedrich Ebert
Stiftung.
Simić, Marina. 2014. Kosmopolitska čežnja: etnografija srpskog postsocijalizma.
Beograd: Centar za Studije kulture Fakulteta političkih nauka & Čigoja
štampa.
Simić, Marina. 2016. “Moral (Dis)order and Social Anomie: Concepts of Community
and Society in Post-Socialist Serbia.” Glasnik Etnografskog instituta
SANU LXIV (1): 93-105.
Spasić, Ivana. 2012. “Jugoslavija kao mesto normalnog života: sećanja običnih ljudi
u Srbiji.” Sociologija 54 (4): 577-594.
Spasić, Ivana. 2013. Kultura na delu: društvena transformacija Srbije iz burdijeovske
perspektive. Beograd: Fabrika knjiga.
Spasić, Ivana & Ana Birešev. 2012a. “The State as the Great Classifier.” In Social
and cultural capital in Western Balkan societies, eds. Predrag Cvetičanin
& Ana Birešev, 145-160. Niš & Beograd: Centar za empirijske studije kulture
jugoistočne Evrope & Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju.
Spasić, Ivana & Ana Birešev. 2012b. “Social Classifications in Serbia Today Between
Morality and Politics.” In Social and cultural capital in Serbia, ed.
Predrag Cvetičanin, 139-158. Niš: Centre for Empirical Cultural Studies of
South-East Europe.
Ssorin-Chaikov, Nikolai V. 2000. “Bear skins and macaroni: the social life of things
at the margins of a Siberian state collective.” In The vanishing ruble: barter
networks and non-monetary transactions in post-Soviet societies, ed.
Paul Seabright, 345-362. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ssorin-Chaikov, Nikolai V. 2003. The social life of the state in subarctic Siberia.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Thelen, Tatjana, Andre Thiemann & Duška Roth. 2014. “State Kinning and Kinning
the State in Serbian Elder Care Programs.” Social Analysis 58 (3):
107-123.
van de Port, Mattijs. 1998. Gypsies, Wars and Other Instances of the Wild: Civilization
and Its Discontents in a Serbian Town. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University
Press.
Wedel, Janine R., ed. 1992. The Unplanned Society: Poland During and After
Communism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Živković, Marko. 2009. “Little Cars that Make us Cry: Yugoslav Fića as a Vehicle
for Social Commentary and Ritual Restoration of Innocence”. In Vehicles:
cars, canoes, and other metaphors of moral ambivalence, eds. David Handler
& Richard Lipset, 111-132. London: Berghahn.
Živković, Marko. 2011. Serbian Dreambook: National Imaginary in the Time of
Milošević. Bloomington and Indianopolis: Indiana University Press.
Примљено / Received: 19. 01. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 21. 03. 2017.
Објављено
31.08.2017.
Како цитирати
RAJKOVIĆ (UNITED KINGDOM), Ivan.
Брига за државу: ‘нормалност’, државотворни ефекaт и захтеви за прерасподелу у Србији.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 65, n. 1, p. 31-45, aug. 2017.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/70>.
Датум приступа: 20 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/70>.
Датум приступа: 20 apr. 2024
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