Грчки шамани, скитски психонаути и дух Ераноса
ДОИ: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI2403091P УДК 255.2::256 Oригинални научни рад
Сажетак
У раду је дат критички осврт на утицајну теорију о шаманским елементима у религији старих Грка архајског доба. Теорија је заснована током прве половине XX века, највише заслугом класичних филолога Карла Мојлија и Е. Р. Додса, а темељи се на тези да су током колонизације обала Црног мора Грци примили од Скита специфичан вид екстатичке религиозности који је њима претходно био туђ. Тај вид религиозности Мојли и Додс су окарактерисали као шамански, препознавши његове обрасце у читавом низу грчких митских и легендарних ликова и историјских личности. Анализом теоријских поставки и методолошких поступака ових научника, као и реакцијâ научне заједнице на њихове теорије, настојим да тезу о грчком шаманизму поближе контекстуализујем у идејним и интелектуалним токовима двадесетог, али и ранијих векова. Мој закључак је да се та теза мора сагледати у ширем контексту десакрализације савременог друштва, те да указује на чврсто прожимање личних, ненаучних и религиозних уверења и академског бављења студијама религија.
Kључне речи: Грци, Скити, прорицање, екстаза, шаманизам
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Barnet, Džon. 2004. Rana grčka filozofija, prev. Branimir Gligorić. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva.
Barthes, Roland. 1999. “Rhetoric of the Image.” In Visual Culture: A Reader. Ed. J. Evans & S. Hall, 33–40. London: SAGE Publications.
Bremmer, Jan N. 2002. The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife. London/New York: Routledge.
Brown, Peter. 2003. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200–1000. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Brunner, T. F. 1973. “Marijuana in Ancient Greece and Rome? The Literary Evidence.” Bull. Hist. Med. 47: 344–353.
Burkert, Walter. 1972. Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, tr. Edwin L. Minar. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Charleux, Isabelle. 2003. “Review of The concept of shamanism: uses and abuses.
Ed. Henri-Paul Francfort & Roberte N. Hamayon, in collaboration with Paul G. Bahn.” Anthropos 98 (2): 548–551.
Diószegi, Vilmos & Mihály Hoppál, ed. 1978. Shamanism in Siberia. Budapest: Akadémiai.
Dods, E. R. 2005. Grci i iracionalno, prev. Branimir Gligorić. Beograd: Službeni glasnik.
Dubuisson, Daniel. 2003. The Western Construction on Religion: Myth, Knowledge, and Ideology. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Elijade, Mirča. 1990. Šamanizam i arhajske tehnike ekstaze, prev. Zoran Stojanović. Sremski Karlovci: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića.
Fitzgerald, Timothy. 2000. The Ideology of Religious Studies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Flaherty, Gloria. 1992. Shamanism and the Eighteenth Century. Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press.
Ginzburg, Carlo. 1966. I Benandanti: Stregoneria e culti agrari tra Cinquecento e Seicento. Torino: Einaudi.
Ginzburg, Carlo. 1991. Ecstasies. Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath. Trans. Raymond Rosenthal. New York: Pantheon Books.
Hakl, Thomas Hans. 2014. Eranos. An Alternative Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century, tr. Christopher McIntosh. London/New York: Routledge.
Hamayon, Roberte. 2015. Le chamanisme. Fondements et pratiques d’une forme religieuse. Paris: Eyrolles.
Hamayon, Roberte Nicole. 2001. “Shamanism: Symbolic System, Human Capability and Western Ideology.” In The concept of shamanism: uses and abuses. Ed. Henri-Paul Francfort & Roberte N. Hamayon, in collaboration with Paul G. Bahn, 1–31. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Hammer, Olav. 2015. “Late Modern Shamanism: Central Texts and Issues.” In Nordic Neoshamanisms. Ed. S. Ellen Kraft, Trude Fonneland & James R. Lewis, 13–29. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hanegraaff, Wouter J. 2012. Esotericism and the Academy. Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harvey, Graham & Robert J. Wallis. 2007. Historical Dictionary of Shamanism. Lanham, MA/Toronto/Plymuth, UK: The Scarecrow Press.
Herodot. 1966. Istorija, prev. Milan Arsenić. Novi Sad: Matica srpska.
Höfler, Otto. 1934. Kultische Geheimbünde der Germanen. Frankfurt: Moritz Diesterweg.
Holmberg, Uno. 1922. Der Baum des Lebens. Helsingfors: Litteraturische Gesellschaft.
Hutton, Ronald. 1993. The Shamans of Siberia. Glastonbury: Isle of Avalon Press.
Jacobson, Esther. 2001. “Shamans, Shamanism, and Anthropomorphizing Imagery in Prehistoric Rock Art of the Mongolian Altay.” In The Concept of Shamanism: Uses and Abuses. Ed. Henri-Paul Francfort & Roberte N.
Hamayon, in collaboration with Paul G. Bahn, 277–295. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Kehoe, Alice B. 2000. Shamans and Religion. An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Kingsley, Peter. 1994. “Greeks, Shamans and Magi.” Studia Iranica 23: 187–198.
Lafitau, Joseph François. 1974. Customs of the American Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times by Father Joseph Lafitau. Trans. William N. Fenton & Elisabeth L. Moore, vol 1. Toronto: Champlain Society.
Lieber, Elinor. 1996. “The Hippocratic ’Airs, Waters, Places’ on cross-dressing eunuchs: ’natural’ yet also ’divine’.” In Hippokratische Medizin und antike Philosophie, ed. R. Wittern & P. Pellegrin, 451–476. Hildesheim/Zürich/New York: Olms-Weidmann.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1987 [1950]. Introduction to Marcel Mauss, tr. Felicity Baker. London: Routledge.
MacDonald, Mary N. 2002. “The Study of Shamanism: Local and Universal Dimensions.” Journal of Ritual Studies 16 (2): 88–107.
McMutcheon, Russell. 1997. Manufacturing Religion: The Discourse on Sui Generis Religion and the Politics of Nostalgia. New York: Oxford University Press.
Meuli, Karl. 1935. “Scythica.” Hermes 70 (2): 121–176.
Plutarh. 1990. Pitijski dijalozi, prev. Svetlana Loma. Novi Sad: Matica srpska.
Pócs, Éva. 1989. Fairies and Witches at the Boundary of South-Eastern and Central Europe. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
Powell, Anton, ed. 1997. The Greek World. London: Routledge.
Putnik, Noel. 2023. „Antropološke implikacije Plutarhovih eshatoloških mitova.“ Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU LXXI (1): 77–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI2301077P.
Putnik, Noel. 2019. “Dr. Wolf and the Ancient Roots: Neoshamanism in Serbia.” In Studies on Western Esotericism in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Nemanja Radulović & Karolina Maria Hess, 191–210. Szeged: JATEPress.
Rode, Ervin. 1991. Psyche. Kult duše i vera u besmrtnost kod Grka, prev. Drinka Gojković & Olga Kostrešević. Sremski Karlovci/Novi Sad: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića.
Radulović, Nemanja & Simljana Đorđević Belić, ed. 2021. Disenchantment, Re-Enchantment and Folklore Genres. Beograd: Institut za književnost i umetnost.
Schnurbein, Stefanie v. 2003. “Shamanism in the Old Norse Tradition: A Theory between Ideological Camps.” History of Religions 43 (2): 116–138.
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1978. Map is not Territory. Studies in the History of Religions. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1990. Drudgery Divine. On the Comparison of Early Christianities and the Religions of Late Antiquity. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.
Stutley, Margaret. 2002. Shamanism: An Introduction. London/New York: Routledge.
Šmitek, Zmago. 2005. “Šamanizem na Slovenskem? Dileme o šamanizmu, obsedenosti in ekstazi.“ Studia Ethnologica Croatica 17: 171–198.
Taira, Teemu. 2013. “Making Space for Discursive Study in Religious Studies.”
Religion 43 (1): 26–45. https://doi.org/10. 1080/0048721X.2013.742744.
Vajda, Laszló 1964. „Zur phaseologischen Stellung des Schamanismus.“ In Religions-Ethnologie, ed. Carl August Schmitz, 265–295. Frankfurt: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft.
Wasserstrom, Steven. 1999. Religion after Religion: Gershom Scholem, Mircea Eliade, and Henry Corbin at Eranos. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Објављено
01.12.2024.
Како цитирати
PUTNIK, Noel.
Грчки шамани, скитски психонаути и дух Ераноса.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 72, n. 3, p. 91–117, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/1148>.
Датум приступа: 17 jan. 2025
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/1148>.
Датум приступа: 17 jan. 2025
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