Balkanski “gurbeti / pečalbarstvo” u prošlosti i sadašnjosti
DOI: 10.2298/GEI1503551H;UDC: 314.7"32"(497)
Сажетак
Ovaj rad se bavi različitim tradicionalnim radnim i sezonskim migracijama na Balkanu, uključujući poljoprivredne radove van mesta stanovanja i radne povremene migracije građevinskih radnika, pekara, radnika na farmama mleka itd. U zemljama
kao što su Albanija, Bugarska, Grčka, Makedonija i Srbija, tradicionalni kulturni modeli prekograničnih migracija koje su obuhvatale većinu muške populacije čitavih regija, postojale su vekovima. Ove grupe migranata bile su stvaraoci i nosioci naročite podkulture gurbet, istovremeno menjajući čitave modele tradicionalne kulture u svojim matičnim zemljama. Godišnje migracije muškaraca iz različitih planinskih regija Balkana zbog posla i – zarade, tokom godina dobile su specifične karakteristike
ritualnih i festivnih sistema u selima ovih regija. Istovremeno, tradicionalni balkanski gurbet postao je značajan činilac obostranog uticaja različitih kultura i naroda, stvarajući tako nove kulturne obrasce i različite više-dimenzijske identitete.
Ključne reči: migracije, radne migracije, pol, gurbet, pečalbarstvo, Šopluk.
Reference
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Barth, Fredrick. 1969. Introduction. In: Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Bergen-Oslo-London, 1969, pp. 9-38.
Bobčev, Stefan. 1902. Sbornik bălgarski juridičeski običai. Vol. II, Sofia: Pečatnica na P. M. Bezajtov, 1902.
Braudel, Fernand. 1998. Sredizemno more i sredizemnomorskijat svjat po vremeto na Filip II. Vol. І. Trans. Veselina Ilieva, Sofia: ABAGAR, 1998.
Brettell, Caroline 2003. Anthropology and Migration. Essays in Transnationalism, Ethnicity and Identity. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press, 2003.
Brunnbauer, Ulf. 2004. Environment, Markets and the State: Human Adaptation in the Balkan Mountains, 19th – early 20th Century. In: Ethnologia Balkanica, 8, 2004, pp. 129-154.
Cvijić, Jovan. 1906. Osnove za geografiju i geologiju Makedonije i Stare Srbije. Beograd: Srpska Kraljevska akademija, 1906.
Cvijić, Jovan. 1922. Balkansko poluostrvo i južnoslovenske zemlje: osnovi antropogeografije. Knj. 1. Beograd: Knjizarnica Gece Kona, 1922.
Cvijić, Jovan. 1931. Balkansko poluostrvo i južnoslovenske zemlje: osnovi antropogeografije. Knj. 2. Beograd: Knjizarnica Gece Kona, 1931.
Filipovski, I. and I. Kitanovski. 1984. ‘Šlegovskiot taen (furnički), Makedonistika 3, 1984, pp. 67-135.
Fliche, Benoît. 2006. Le nomade, le saisonnier et le migrant: une culture de la mobilité en Anatolie centrale? In: Etudes rurales, 2006/1 (n° 177). [http://etudesrurales.revues.org/document3356.html]
Grozdanova, E. and M. Andreev. 1986. Bălgarite prez ХVІ vek. Sofia: Izdatelstvo na OF, 1986.
Guentcheva, R., P. Kabakchieva and P. Kolarski. 2003. Migration Trends in Selected Applicant Countries, vol.1: Bulgaria. The social impact of seasonal migration. Vienna: IOM, 2003. [http://www.pedz.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-k/gde/04/IOM_I_BG.pdf]
Hristov, Petko. 2002. Use of the Holiday for Propaganda Purposes (the “Serbian” slava and/or the “Bulgarian” sabor). In: Ethnologia Balkanica. 6, 2002, pp. 69-80.
Hristov, Petko 2004. ‘Granicite na Shopluka i/ili shopi bez. In: B. Sikimić (ed.), Skrivene manjine na Balkanu, Beograd: Balkanološki institut SANU, 2004, pp. 67-82.
Hristov, Petko. 2005. Places to Exchange Cultural Patterns: The Market and the Piazza for Hired Labour in Sofia. In: Ethnologia Balkanica, 9, 2005, pp. 81-90.
Hristov, Petko. 2008. Trans-Border Exchange of Seasonal Workers in the Central Part of the Balkans (19th – 20th Century). In: Ethnologia Balkanica, 12, 2008, Berlin: Lit Verlag, pp. 215-230.
Hristov, Petko. 2009. Borders and Identities (Difficulties and perspectives faced by comparative ethnological studies of the border regions on the Balkans). In: Etudes Balkaniques, 2009, 3, pp. 109-126.
Hristov, Petko. 2010. “Valahia” ca destinaţie importantă a muncitorilor sezonieri (pečalbari) din partea centrală a Balcanilor. In: Şerban, Stelu (ed.) Teme în antropologia socială din Europa de sud-est. Volum dedicate memoriei Profesorului Paul Stahl. Bucureşti: Paideia, 2010, pp. 194-295.
Hristov, Petko. 2014. Ideological Dimensions of the “Balkan Family Pattern” in the first half of 20th century. In: The History of the Family, 2014, Routledge, pp. 1-18. [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1081602X.2014.892023?journalCode=rhof20#.Uy00vc707MQ]
Ireček, Konstantin. 1978. Istorija na bălgarite. Sofia: Bulgarska akademija na naukite, 1978.
Karovski, Lazo. 1979. Makedonski pečalbarski narodni pesni. Skopje: Institut za folklore ‘Marko Cepenkov’, 1979.
Malinov, Zorančo. 2008. The Macedonian Shops (Shopi): Borders, Identity and Perspectives. In: Marushiakova, Elena (ed.), Dynamics of National Identity and Transnational Identities in the Process of European Integration. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 424-436.
Manolova-Nikolova, Nadja. 1997. ‘Sredna Zapadna Bălgaria 1877-1879: Prehodăt meždu dve epohi v Trănsko-Brezniškoja kraj’ [Midwest Bulgaria, 1877-1879: The transition between two epochs in the Trăn-Breznik region], Rodina no. 3-4: 159-173.
Mihov, Nikola. 1943. Prinosi kăm tărgovskata istorija na Bălgarija. Vol. II: Avstrijski konsulski dokladi. Sofia: Bulgarska akademija na naukite, 1943.
Mironova-Panova, Stojanka. 1971. Trănskijat kraj. Sofia: Izdatelstvo na OF, 1971.
Natan, Ž., L. Berov and V. Hadžinikolov (eds.). 1969. Ikonomikata na Bălgarija do socijalističeskata revoljucija. Vol. 1. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo, 1969.
Nikolić, Vasa. 1910. ‘Iz Lužnice i Nišave’. In: Srpski etnografski zbornik, 16, 1910, Beograd: Srpska Kraljevska akademija.
Novinščak, Karolina. 2009. The Recruiting and Sending of Yugoslav ‘Gastarbeiter’ to Germany: Between Socialist Demands and Economic Needs. In: Brunnbauer, Ulf (Ed.) Transnational Societies, Transterritorial Politics. Migrations in the (Post-) Yugoslav Region 19th – 21 th Century. München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, pp. 121-144.
Palairet, Michael. 1987. The Migrant Workers of the Balkans and Their Villages (18th Century – World War II). In: Roth, Klaus (Hg.) Handwerk in Mittel- und Südosteuropa. München, 1987, pp. 23-46.
Palairet, Michael. 2002. The Balkan Economies c. 1800-1914: Evolution without Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Petričev, Lev. 1940. ‘Trănskite dobrovolci v Srăbsko-Turskata vojna – 1876 godina’. In: Todorov, R. (ed.), Trănski kraj, Sofia: Druzestvo ‘Ruj’, 1940, pp. 147-162.
Petrov, Gjorče. 1909. ‘Emigrantskoto dviženie za Amerika v Makedinija’. In: Kulturno edintvo, VII-VIII, 1909, pp. 3-6.
Petrović, Jelenko. 1920. Pečalbari, naročito iz okoline Pirota. Beograd: Tipografija, 1920.
Peševa, Rajna. 1960. ‘Edin starinen semeen praznik: Praznuvane na svetec v Severozapadna i Zapadna Bălgaria’. In: Lekov, V. (ed.) Ezikovedski-etnografski izsledvanija v pamet na akad. Stojan Romanski. Sofia: Bulgarska akademija na naukite, 1960, 731-754.
Pistrick, Еckehard. 2008. Migration Memories in the Borderlands: The Constructions of Regional Identity and Memory in Zagoria (Southern Albania) through Place and Sound. In: Ethnologia Balkanica, 12, 2008, pp. 97-110.
Prelić, Mladena. 1996. ‘Posle Frederika Barta: Savremena proučavanja etniciteta u kompleksnim drustvama’. In: Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU, 45, 1996, pp. 101-121.
Stojančević, Vladimir. 1995. Srbi i Bugari 1804-1878. Novi Sad: Prometej, 1995.
Објављено
22.05.2018.
Како цитирати
(BULGARIA), Petko Hristov.
Balkanski “gurbeti / pečalbarstvo” u prošlosti i sadašnjosti.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 63, n. 3, p. 551-563, may 2018.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/232>.
Датум приступа: 26 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/232>.
Датум приступа: 26 apr. 2024
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