Здравље миграната на путу кроз Србију: претња болесног 'другог'?
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1703573M UDC 314.7:613.97(497.11) Original scientific paper
Сажетак
Паралелно са јачим утицајем секуритарних дискурса, мигранти у Србији се све чешће
представљају као претња јавном здрављу. Медији и локалне власти их често
представљају као носиоце заразних болести и користе лоше здравствено стање
миграната као оправдање за увођење репресивних мера против њих. Међутим,
поставља се питање да ли су брига и фокус који се ставља на начине на које здравље
миграната утиче на јавно здравље заиста одговарајући? Да ли су мигранти претња
широј популацији? У овом чланку ћу представити неке од закључака седмомесечног
истраживања у Србији. Подаци су добијени методом посматрања са учествовањем (у
својству преводиоца за персијски и француски језик током лекарских прегледа
миграната,како у центрима за смештај тражилаца азила, тако и на местима где је
хуманитарна организација за лекарску помоћ обављала примарну здравствену заштиту
илегализованих миграната). Увид у етнографску грађу открива да мигранти не доносе
болести које би угрозиле популацију, већ да у већој мери њихови здравствени
проблеми произилазе из ризичног окружења и услова структурног насиља у којима се
налазе.
Кључне речи: здравље миграната, мит о заразном мигранту, секуритизација
миграција, структурно насиље, ризично окружење.
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Issues in the Treatment of Intersexuality.” Hastings Center Report 28(3):
24-36.
Farmer, Paul. 2004. “An Anthropology of Structural Violence.” Current Anthropology
45(3): 305-325.
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crisis' in Germany and beyond: Deservingness and difference, life and
death.” American Ethnologist 43(1): 1–13.
Horton, Sarah. 2004. “Different Subjects: The Health Care System's Participation in
the Differential
Construction of the Cultural Citizenship of Cuban Refugees and Mexican Immigrants.”
Medical Anthroplogy Quarterly 18(4): 472-489.
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Beaten, Extorted, Shoved Back Across the Border.”Accessed July 28, 2015.
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/15/serbia-police-abusing-migrantsasylum-
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in novo antropologijo 44(264): 308-326.
Lipovec Čebron, Uršula. 2009. “Od kulture nezaupanja do selektivnega sočutja:
prosilci in prosilke za mednarodno zaščito v slovenskem zdravstvenem
sistemu.” Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo 235-
236: 190-203.
Lipovec Čebron, Uršula. 2010a. “Slepa pega evropskega zdravsta: analiza nekaterih
vidikov zdravja migrantov.” In Migranti v Sloveniji – med integracijo in alienacijo,
eds. Medica K., Lukič G. and Bufon M., 51–87. Koper: Založba
Annales.
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without medical citizenship as seen by some Slovene health workers.” Stud.
Ethnol. Croat. 22: 187-212.
Lock, Margaret. 1993. “Cultivating the Body: Anthropology and Epistemologies of
Bodily Pratice and Knowledge.” Annual Review of Anthropology 22: 133-
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Lunaček Brumen, Sarah and Ela Meh. 2016. “'Vzpon in padec' koridorja: Nekaj refleksij
o spremembah na balkanski migracijski poti od poletja 2015.”
Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo 44 (264): 21-
45.
Massé, Raymond. 2007. “Between Structural Violence and Idioms of Distress: The
Case of Social Suffering in the French Caribbean.” Anthropology in Action
14(3): 6-17.
Meh, Ela. 2016a. “Evropska migracijska politika in ustvarjanje kategorije 'migrant'
v Srbiji.” Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo
44(264): 267-289.
Meh, Ela. 2016b. “The health of migrants passing through Serbia.” Unpublished
master's thesis. Oddelek za etnologijo in kulturno antropologijo. Filozofska
fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani.
Mladovsky, Philipa. 2007. “Migration and health in EU health systems.” Euro Observer:
The Health Policy Bulletin of European Observatory on Health Systems
and Policies 9(4): 1–2.
Moore, Henrietta L. 1994. A Passion for Difference: Essays in Anthropology and
Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Nichter, Mark. 2008. Global Health: Why Cultural Perceptions, Social Representations,
and Biopolitics Matter. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Rhodes, Tim. 2002. “The ’risk environment’: a framework for understanding and
reducing drug-related harm.” International Journal of Drug Policy 13 (2):
85–94.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy and Margaret Lock. 1987. “The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon
to Future Work in Medical Anthropology.” Medical Anthropology
Quarterly, New Series 1(1): 6-41.
Stojić Mitrović, Marta. 2012. “Eksternalizacija granica Evropske Unije i pojava improvizovanih
migrantskih naselja u Srbiji.” Zbornik Matice srpske za
društvene nauke 139(2): 237–248.
Stojić Mitrović, Marta. 2013. “Stigmatizacija kao posledica ilegalizacije odredjenih
oblika transnacionalnog kretanja – dehumanizacija tzv. ilegalnih migranata.”
Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 61(2): 163-174.
Stojić Mitrović, Marta and Ela Meh. 2015. “The reproduction of borders and the
contagiousness of illegalisation: A case of a Belgrade youth hostel.” Glasnik
Etnografskog instituta SANU LXIII (3): 623-638.
Ticktin, Miriam. 2011. “The Gendered Human of Humanitarianism: Medicalising
and Politicising Sexual Violence.” Gender & History 23(2): 250-265.
UNHCR. 2016. “Report warns refugee women on the move in Europe are at risk of
sexual and gender-based violence.” Accessed September 4, 2016.
http://www.unhcr.org/569f99ae60.html
Van der Zee, Renate. 2016. “Life as a female refugee: 'You don't know who to
trust'.” Al Jazeera English, 15. Febrary. Accessed September 7, 2016.
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/02/life-female-refugee-dontrust-
160210092005932.html
Đorđević, M. 2011. „Srpska umetnost u Regensburgu.“ Politika, 1. novembar. Accessed
November 21. http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/Kultura/196225.sr.html
Willen, Sarah, Jessica Mulligan and Heide Castañeda. 2011. “Take a Stand Commentary:
How Can Medical Anthropologists Contribute to Contemporary
Conversations on 'Illegal' Im/migration and Health?” Medical Anthropology
Quarterly 25(3): 331–356.
Žikić, Bojan. 2013a. “Koncept rizičnog okruženja i činioca rizika u socijalno epidemiološkom
proučavanju javnog zdravlja.” Etnoantropološki problemi 8
(2): 403-425.
Žikić, Bojan. 2013b. “Intravensko korišćenje droge u Beogradu kao sindemijsko
okruženje.” Etnoantropološki problemi 4(8): 927-963.
Žikić, Bojan. 2013c. “Strukturno nasilje kao činilac javnog zdravlja.” Antropologija
13(2): 9-24.
Примљено / Received: 21. 03. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 06. 11. 2017.
and migrants in Macedonia, Serbia and Hungary.” Amnesty International,
International Secretariat. Accessed July 28, 2015.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur70/1579/2015/en/
Amnesty International. 2016. “Female refugees face physical assault, exploitation
and sexual harassment on their journey through Europe.” Accessed September
4, 2016.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/01/female-refugees-facephysical-
assault-exploitation-and-sexual-harassment-on-their-journeythrough-
europe/
Appadurai, Arjun. 1990. “Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory,
Culture and Society 7: 295-310.
Baer, Hans, Merrill Singer and Ida Susser. 2003. Medical Anthropology and the
World System. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.
Castañeda, Heide. 2008. “Illegal Migration, Gender and Health Care: Perspectives
from Germany and the United States.” In Gender and Illegal Migration in
Global and Historical Perspective, eds. Marlou J. Schrover, Joanne van der
Leun, Leo Lucassen and Chris Quispel, 171-188. Amsterdam:
IMISCOE/Amsterdam University Press.
Castañeda, Heide. 2009. “Illegality as risk factor: A survey of unauthorized migrant
patients in a Berlin clinic.” Social Science & Medicine 68: 1552–1560.
Douglas, Mary. 1996. Purity and Danger. New York: Praeger.
Dreger, Alice Domurat. 1998. “Ambiguous Sex – or Ambivalent Medicine? Ethical
Issues in the Treatment of Intersexuality.” Hastings Center Report 28(3):
24-36.
Farmer, Paul. 2004. “An Anthropology of Structural Violence.” Current Anthropology
45(3): 305-325.
Holmes, Morgan. 2003. “Čudno skrojena tela.” Kultura 105/106: 170-182.
Holmes, Seth M. and Heide Castañeda. 2016. “Representing the 'European refugee
crisis' in Germany and beyond: Deservingness and difference, life and
death.” American Ethnologist 43(1): 1–13.
Horton, Sarah. 2004. “Different Subjects: The Health Care System's Participation in
the Differential
Construction of the Cultural Citizenship of Cuban Refugees and Mexican Immigrants.”
Medical Anthroplogy Quarterly 18(4): 472-489.
Human Rights Watch. 2015. “Serbia: Police Abusing Migrants, Asylum Seekers
Beaten, Extorted, Shoved Back Across the Border.”Accessed July 28, 2015.
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/15/serbia-police-abusing-migrantsasylum-
seekers.
Huysmans, Jef. 2000. “The Europan Union and the Securitisation of Migration.”
Journal of Common Market Studies 38(5): 751-777.
Ivnik, Tina. 2016. “Migracija žensk: Srbija.” Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo
in novo antropologijo 44(264): 308-326.
Lipovec Čebron, Uršula. 2009. “Od kulture nezaupanja do selektivnega sočutja:
prosilci in prosilke za mednarodno zaščito v slovenskem zdravstvenem
sistemu.” Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo 235-
236: 190-203.
Lipovec Čebron, Uršula. 2010a. “Slepa pega evropskega zdravsta: analiza nekaterih
vidikov zdravja migrantov.” In Migranti v Sloveniji – med integracijo in alienacijo,
eds. Medica K., Lukič G. and Bufon M., 51–87. Koper: Založba
Annales.
Lipovec Čebron, Uršula. 2010b. “The construction of a health uninsurant: People
without medical citizenship as seen by some Slovene health workers.” Stud.
Ethnol. Croat. 22: 187-212.
Lock, Margaret. 1993. “Cultivating the Body: Anthropology and Epistemologies of
Bodily Pratice and Knowledge.” Annual Review of Anthropology 22: 133-
155.
Lunaček Brumen, Sarah and Ela Meh. 2016. “'Vzpon in padec' koridorja: Nekaj refleksij
o spremembah na balkanski migracijski poti od poletja 2015.”
Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo 44 (264): 21-
45.
Massé, Raymond. 2007. “Between Structural Violence and Idioms of Distress: The
Case of Social Suffering in the French Caribbean.” Anthropology in Action
14(3): 6-17.
Meh, Ela. 2016a. “Evropska migracijska politika in ustvarjanje kategorije 'migrant'
v Srbiji.” Časopis za kritiko znanosti, domišljijo in novo antropologijo
44(264): 267-289.
Meh, Ela. 2016b. “The health of migrants passing through Serbia.” Unpublished
master's thesis. Oddelek za etnologijo in kulturno antropologijo. Filozofska
fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani.
Mladovsky, Philipa. 2007. “Migration and health in EU health systems.” Euro Observer:
The Health Policy Bulletin of European Observatory on Health Systems
and Policies 9(4): 1–2.
Moore, Henrietta L. 1994. A Passion for Difference: Essays in Anthropology and
Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Nichter, Mark. 2008. Global Health: Why Cultural Perceptions, Social Representations,
and Biopolitics Matter. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Rhodes, Tim. 2002. “The ’risk environment’: a framework for understanding and
reducing drug-related harm.” International Journal of Drug Policy 13 (2):
85–94.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy and Margaret Lock. 1987. “The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon
to Future Work in Medical Anthropology.” Medical Anthropology
Quarterly, New Series 1(1): 6-41.
Stojić Mitrović, Marta. 2012. “Eksternalizacija granica Evropske Unije i pojava improvizovanih
migrantskih naselja u Srbiji.” Zbornik Matice srpske za
društvene nauke 139(2): 237–248.
Stojić Mitrović, Marta. 2013. “Stigmatizacija kao posledica ilegalizacije odredjenih
oblika transnacionalnog kretanja – dehumanizacija tzv. ilegalnih migranata.”
Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 61(2): 163-174.
Stojić Mitrović, Marta and Ela Meh. 2015. “The reproduction of borders and the
contagiousness of illegalisation: A case of a Belgrade youth hostel.” Glasnik
Etnografskog instituta SANU LXIII (3): 623-638.
Ticktin, Miriam. 2011. “The Gendered Human of Humanitarianism: Medicalising
and Politicising Sexual Violence.” Gender & History 23(2): 250-265.
UNHCR. 2016. “Report warns refugee women on the move in Europe are at risk of
sexual and gender-based violence.” Accessed September 4, 2016.
http://www.unhcr.org/569f99ae60.html
Van der Zee, Renate. 2016. “Life as a female refugee: 'You don't know who to
trust'.” Al Jazeera English, 15. Febrary. Accessed September 7, 2016.
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/02/life-female-refugee-dontrust-
160210092005932.html
Đorđević, M. 2011. „Srpska umetnost u Regensburgu.“ Politika, 1. novembar. Accessed
November 21. http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/Kultura/196225.sr.html
Willen, Sarah, Jessica Mulligan and Heide Castañeda. 2011. “Take a Stand Commentary:
How Can Medical Anthropologists Contribute to Contemporary
Conversations on 'Illegal' Im/migration and Health?” Medical Anthropology
Quarterly 25(3): 331–356.
Žikić, Bojan. 2013a. “Koncept rizičnog okruženja i činioca rizika u socijalno epidemiološkom
proučavanju javnog zdravlja.” Etnoantropološki problemi 8
(2): 403-425.
Žikić, Bojan. 2013b. “Intravensko korišćenje droge u Beogradu kao sindemijsko
okruženje.” Etnoantropološki problemi 4(8): 927-963.
Žikić, Bojan. 2013c. “Strukturno nasilje kao činilac javnog zdravlja.” Antropologija
13(2): 9-24.
Примљено / Received: 21. 03. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 06. 11. 2017.
Објављено
01.02.2018.
Како цитирати
MEH (SLOVENIA), Ela.
Здравље миграната на путу кроз Србију: претња болесног 'другог'?.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 65, n. 3, p. 573-591, feb. 2018.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/208>.
Датум приступа: 26 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/208>.
Датум приступа: 26 apr. 2024
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