„Трећа опција“: осцилирајућа кретања гастарбајтера у пензији
DOI: 10.2298/GEI151019001A; UDC: 314.747(497.11)
Сажетак
Тема овог рада тиче се нових тенденција у кретању радних миграната који су отишли у пензију. Рад представља део истраживања, спроведеног током 2014. године у источној Србији и Бечу, о стратегијама живота у старости пензионисаних гастарбајтера. То је тема која је запостављена у домаћој науци, а од скоро је привукла пажњу и светске научне јавности у оквиру покушаја да се интердисциплинарно повежу студије миграција и студије старости. Досадашња светска литература о пензионисаним мигрантима обично се тицала теме повратка гастарбајтера у домовину, али најновија истраживања показују промене у тренду кретања остарелих миграната различитих националности, који су радни век провели у западној Европи, именујући их као „осцилирајућа кретања“ или као нову, алтернативну „трећу опцију“. Она, пак, чине једну форму сезонских и циркуларних миграција које представљају доминантан облик савремене мобилности миграната у Европи. Желели смо да проверимо каква је ситуација са гастарбајтерима из Србије – да ли се враћају у домовину након пензионисања или не и који их разлози мотивишу на одлуке о начину живота на „две адресе“.
Кључне речи: гастарбајтери, старост, пензија, осцилирајућа кретања, двострука боравишта.
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status of post-retirement migrants in the European Union.“ Ageing and Society 24 (3): 451–475.
Antonijević, Dragana. 2012. „Faktori izgradnje kulturnog identiteta radnih
migranata iz Srbije.“ Etnološko-antropološke sveske n. s. 20 =9: 21-34.
Antonijević, Dragana. 2013. Stranac ovde, stranac tamo: antropološko istraživanje
kulturnog identiteta gastarbajtera. Beograd: Srpski genealoški centar -
Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta.
Bolzman, Claudio, Rosita Fibbi and Marie Vial. 2006. „What To Do After
Retirement? Elderly Migrants and the Question of Return.“ Journal of
Ethnic and Migration Studies 32 (8): 1359–1375.
Casado-Diaz, M. A., C. Kaiser, and A. M. Warnes. 2004. “Northern European Retirement Residents in Nine Southern European Countries: Characteristics,
Motivations and Adjustment.” Ageing and Society 24 (3): 353–382.
Cassarino, Jean-Pierre. 2004. „Theorising Return Migration: The Conceptual Approach to Return Migrants Revisited.“ International Journal on Multicultural Societies (IJMS) 6 (2): 253–279.
Cesare, Francesco. 1974. „Expectations and Reality: A Case Study of Return
Migration from the United States to Southern Italy.“ International
Migration Review 8 (2): 245–262.
Cohen, Rina and Gerald Gold. 1997. „Constructing Ethnicity: Myth of Return and
Modes of Exclusion among Israelis in Toronto.“ International Migration
35 (3): 373–394.
Constant, Amelie and Douglas Massey. 2002. „Return Migration by German
Guestworkers: Neoclassical versus New Economic Theories.“ International Migration 40 (84): 5–38.
Cuba, Lee and David M. Hummon. 1993. „Constructing a Sense of Home: Place
Affiliation and Migration across the Life Cycle.“ Sociolological Forum 8
(4): 547–572.
Čapo, Jasna. 2012. "'Not a Soul Can Plan to Return for Sure!' Double Homing Desire of Croatian Migrants in Germany“. In Migration and Identity. Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Dimensions of Mobility in the Balkans, ed.
Petko Hristov, 38-48. Sofia: Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies
with Ethnographic Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences – Paradigma.
Čapo Žmegač, Jasna. 2010. "Return Migration: The Changing Faces and Challenging Facets of a Field of Study". In Migration in, from, and to Southeastern
Europe, eds. Klaus Roth and Jutta Lauth Bacas (eds.), Part 2, Ways and
Strategies of Migrating. Ethnologia Balkanica 14: 227–245.
de Haas, Hein and Tineke Fokkema. 2010. „Intra-Household Conflicts in Migration
Decisionmaking: Return and Pendulum Migration in Morocco.“
Population and Development Review 36 (3): 541–561.
Ganga, Deianira. 2006. „From Potential Returnees into Settlers: Nottinghams Older
Italians.“ Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32 (8): 1395–1413.
Glick Schiller, Nina, Linda Basch and Cristina Szanton Blanc. 1995. „From Immigrant to Transmigrant: Theorizing Transnational Migration.“ Anthropological Quarterly 68 (1): 48–63.
Gmelch, George. 1980. „Return Migration.“ Annual Review of Anthropology 9:
135-159.
Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo. 2003. „The Economics of Transnational Living.“ International Migration Review 37 (3): 666–699.
Hunter, Alistair. 2011. „Theory and Practice of Return Migration at Retirement:
Тhe Case of Migrant Worker Hostel Residents in France.“ Population,
Space and Place 17 (2): 179–192.
King, Russell. 2002. „Towards a New Map of European Migration.“ International
Journal of Population Geography 8: 89–106
King, Russell, Anthony M. Warnes, and Allan M. Williams. 1998. „International
Retirement Migration in Europe.“ International Journal of Population
Geography 4: 91-111.
Klimt, Andrea. 1989. „Returning ‘Home’: Portuguese Migrant Notions of Temporariness, Permanence, and Commitment.“ New German Critique 46: 47–
70.
Klimt, Andrea. 2000. „European Spaces: Portuguese Migrants’ Notions of Home
and Belonging.“ Diaspora 9 (2): 259–285.
Litwin, Howard and Elazar Leshem. 2008. „Late-Life Migration, Work Status,
and Survival: The Case of Older Immigrants from the Former Soviet
Union in Israel.” International Migration Review 42 (4): 903–925.
Margolis, Maxine S. 1995. „Transnationalism and Popular Culture: The Case of
Brazilian Immigrants in the United States.“ Journal of Popular Culture 29:
29–41.
Markov, Ivaylo. 2012. „Migration, Household and Decision-Making Conflicts:
The Case of Albanians from the Republic of Macedonia.“ In Migration
and Identity. Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Dimensions of Mobility
in the Balkans, ed. Petko Hristov, 115–129. Sofia: Institute of
Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences – Paradigma.
Milosavljević, Ljubica. 2011. „Upravljanje vremenom i njegovo vrednovanje kod
starijih pripadnika društva.“ Antropologija 11 (1): 143–159.
Milosavljević, Ljubica. 2012. Ogledi iz antropologije starosti. Beograd: Srpski
genealoški centar: Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog
fakulteta.
Milosavljević, Ljubica i Dragana Antonijević. 2015. „Starački domovi kao
perspektiva i realnost starih gastarbajtera.“ Etnoantropološki problemi 10
(2): 333–355.
Ruhs, Martin. 2006. „The potential of temporary migration programmes in future
international migration policy.“ International Labour Review 145 (1–2): 7–
30.
Vertovec, Steven. 2004. „Migrant Transnationalism and Modes of Transformation.“
International Migration Review 38 (3): 970–1001.
Warnes, Anthony M, K. Friedrich, L. Kellaher and S. Torres. 2004. „The diversity
and welfare of older migrants in Europe.“ Ageing and Society 24 (3): 307–
326.
Warnes, Anthony M. and Allan Williams. 2006. „Older Migrants in Europe: A
New Focus for Migration Studies.“ Journal of Ethnic and Migration
Studies 32 (8): 1257–1281.
White, Paul. 2006. „Migrant Populations Approaching Old Age: Prospects in
Europe.“ Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32 (8): 1283–1300.
Williams, Allan M., Russell King, and Tony Warnes. 1997. „A Place in the Sun:
International Retirement Migration from Northern to Southern Europe.“
European Urban and Regional Studies 4 (2): 115–134.
Wiseman Robert F. and Curtis C. Roseman. 1979. „A Typology of Elderly
Migration Based on the Decision Making Process.“ Economic
Geography 55 (4): 324–337.
Објављено
01.12.2016.
Како цитирати
ANTONIJEVIĆ, Dragana; MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, Ljubica.
„Трећа опција“: осцилирајућа кретања гастарбајтера у пензији.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 64, n. 3, p. 509-526, dec. 2016.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/110>.
Датум приступа: 26 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/110>.
Датум приступа: 26 apr. 2024
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