Избегличка демократија: демократија из критичке перспективе миграција и мобилности
ДОИ : https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI2601141P УДК: 314.15:321.7 прегледни рад
Апстракт
Циљ чланка је да пружи критичку аналитичку перспективу за преиспитивање темељног концепта модерне политичке теорије, концепта демократије, с тачке гледишта миграција и мобилности. У потрази за наведеном перспективом, следим аналитички оквир скупине аутора из појмовника, Minor Keywords of Political Theory: Migration as the Critical Standpoint, у којем се критички промишљају различити кључни појмови унутар дискурса политичке теорије и политике из очишта миграција. У тексту најпре уводим концепт одбегле демократије (fugitive democracy) Шелдона Волина, који демократију не схвата као структурирани облик владавине, него као привремен и пролазан тренутак колективне акције. Волинов концепт одбегле демократије допунио сам рецентним радовима из подручја постколонијалне теорије, у којима се наглашава утицај досељеничког колонијализма, империјализма и ропства на развој модерне демократије. Из перспективе постколонијалне теорије у тексту детаљније анализирам један историјски пример одбегле демократије: црначке пограничне заједнице на организованој, тајној рути (Underground Railroadu) коју су користили одбегли робови током раздобља пре грађанског рата у САД-у, бежећи на Север САД-а и у Канаду. Гледано из перспективе постколонијалне теорије, феномен бекства (fugitivity) у контексту демократске теорије нема само временску димензију, која означава привремене манифестације колективне моћи, већ поприма просторну димензију. С обзиром на просторне аспекте феномена, бекство се схвата дословно као бег, избеглиштво, одлазак, насељавање и стварање уточишта и алтернативног начина живота у којем је могуће живети слободно. Стога сам појму од-бегла демократија одузео префикс (од-) и додао префикс (из-) како би нагласио његову просторну димензију, творећи тако нови појам, (из-)бегличка демократија. У последњем делу чланка следим ауторе из појмовника Minor Keywords у њиховој намери да рехабилитују феномен руље (mob) и масовне политике на начин да их поимају као нешто иманентно демократској политици. У том процесу критички испитујем њихову кључну реч руља (the mob) из Minor Keywords, додајући битне теоријске слојеве анализи како бих испунио њихову почетну, ауторску намеру.
Кључне речи: избегличка демократија, миграције, мобилност, руља, уточиште, политика бриге
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