Чекајући визу: темпоралност, емоције и позиционалност истраживача изван шенгенског простора

ДОИ: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI2601093S УДК : 314.15(4) оригинални научни рад

Аутори

  • Рикардо Сако University of Urbino Carlo Bo Author

Апстракт

Овај чланак анализира, кроз аутоетнографски приступ, несагласје између временских оквира визнe процедуре и ритмова истраживања. Заснива се на етнографском теренском раду спроведеном у Сарајеву (Босна и Херцеговина) и користи одабрану литературу и теренске белешке како би показао на који начин неизвесности и кашњења, својствена визнoм поступку, утичу на емотивно и отелотворено искуство истраживања изван шенгенског простора.

Чланак истиче визни систем као кључни механизам кроз који се производе глобалне неједнакости у мобилности. Овај аргумент је смештен у контекст Балканске руте, где промене у политикама илуструју како је мобилност миграната ограничавана и регулисана. Насупрот томе, као европском истраживачу, моја сопствена мобилност ретко је структурно ограничена; ипак, бирократска хронолошка линија поступка за волонтерску визу обликовала је начин на који сам приступио и обитавао на терену.

Аутоетнографски приказ процеса добијања визе прати како су бирократске путање – кроз клинике, административне канцеларије и осигуравајуће агенције – стварале трења, рањивости и савезништва са локалним “водичима”. Закључак разматра аналитичку вредност овог процеса, тврдећи да је бирократска рута визе постала конститутивни елемент истраживања, обликујући моју мапу града и омогућавајући приступ местима која би иначе остала недоступна.

Кључне речи: виза, аутоетнографија, емоције, Сарајево, Балканска рута, солидарност

##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.downloads##

##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.noStats##

Референце

Amigoni, Livio, Rassa Ghaffari & Dorian Jano (eds.). 2025. Solidarity in Motion. Exploring Unauthorized Movements, Routes and Solidarity Networks Across Europe at Large. Genova: Genova University Press.

Arampatzi, Athina. 2017. “The Spatiality of Counter-Austerity Politics in Athens, Greece: Emergent ‘Urban Solidarity Spaces’.” Urban Studies 54 (9): 2155–2171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016629311

Beznec, Barbara, Marc Speer & Marta Stojić Mitrović. 2016. “Governing the Balkan Route: Macedonia, Serbia and the European Border Regime.” Belgrade: Research Paper Series of Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung Southeast Europe, No.5.

Beznec, Barbara & Andrej Kurnik. 2020. “Old Routes, New Perspectives. A Postcolonial Reading of the Balkan Route.” Movements. Journal for Critical Migration and Border Regime Studies 5(1): 33–54. https://doi.org/10.64081/mvmnts-5.1-2386

Bigo, Didier. 2014. “The (In)Securitization Practices of the Three Universes of EU Border Control: Military/Navy – Border Guards/Police – Database Analysts.” Security Dialogue 45(3): 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010614530459

Cantat, Céline. 2021. “Refugee Solidarity Along the Balkan Route.” Journal of Refugee Studies 34 (2): 1348–1369. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab010

Crapanzano, Vincent. 2010. “’At the Heart of the Discipline’: Critical Reflections on Fieldwork.” In Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience, eds. James Davies & Dimitrina Spencer, 55–78. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Czaika, Mathias, Hein De Haas & María Villares–Varela. 2018. “The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes.” Population and Development Review 44(3): 589–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12166

Davies, James. 2010. “Introduction. Emotions in the Field.” In Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience, eds. James Davies & Dimitrina Spencer, 1–31. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Davies, James & Thomas Stodulka. 2019. “Emotions in Fieldwork.” In SAGE Research Methods Foundations, eds. Paul Atkinson, Sara Delamont, Alexandru Cernat, Joseph W. Sakshaug & Richard A. Williams, 2–11. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Dubois, Vincent. 2018. Il burocrate e il povero. Amministrare la miseria. Milano: Mimesis.

Dragojlo, Sasa. 2022. “Serbia Ends Visa-Free Regimes with Tunisia and Burundi.” BIRN BalkanInsight. Last modified October 25, 2022. https://balkaninsight.com/2022/10/25/serbia-ends-visa-free-regimes-with-tunisia-and-burundi/

Ellis, Carolyn, Tony E. Adams & Arthur P. Bochner. 2011. “Autoethnography: An Overview.” Historical Social Research 36(4): 273–290. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.36.2011.4.273-290

Emerson, Robert M., Rachel I. Fretz & Linda L. Shaw. 1995. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

European Commission. Serbia 2022 Report. Brussels, 12.10.2022. SWD (2022) 338 final.

European Parliament. 2019. “EU–Turkey Statement & Action Plan.” Legislative train schedule. Last modified November 20, 2019. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-towards-a-new-policy-on-migration/file-eu-turkey-statement-action-plan

Fava, Ferdinando. 2017. In campo aperto. L’antropologo nei legami col mondo. Milano: Meltemi.

Gariglio, Luigi. 2017. “L’autoetnografia nel campo etnografico.” Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa 3: 487–504. https://doi.org/10.3240/88717

Gariglio, Luigi. 2023. “Esplorare la società autoetnograficamente: una nota autoetnografica sul fare ricerca.” In Metodi creativi in pratica. Un laboratorio aperto, eds. Giorgi, Alberta, Micol Pizzolati & Elena Vacchelli, 115–128. Bergamo: Università degli Studi di Bergamo.

Giliberti, Luca & Swanie Potot. 2021. “Verso i solidarity studies. Nuove prospettive di ricerca su migrazioni e frontiere.” Mondi Migranti 3: 25–41. https://doi.org/10.3280/MM2021-003002

Hameršak, Marijana, Sabine Hess, Marc Speer & Marta Stojić Mitrović. 2020. “The Forging of the Balkan Route. Contextualizing the Border Regime in the EU Periphery.” Movements. Journal for Critical Migration and Border Regime Studies 5 (1): 9–29.

Hameršak, Marijana. 2021. “Between Supporting and Reporting: Grassroots Textual Responses to the Pushbacks at the Fringes of EU.” Intersections. East European Journal of Society and Politics 7 (2): 49–72. https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v7i2.752

Hastrup, Kirsten. 2010. “Emotional Topographies: The Sense of Place in the Far North.” In Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience, eds. James Davies & Dimitrina Spencer, 191–211. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Helms, Elissa. 2023. “Social Boundaries at the EU Border: Engaged Ethnography and Migrant Solidarity in Bihać, Bosnia–Herzegovina.” Journal of Borderlands Studies 38(2): 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2022.2108109

Hess, Sabine & Bernd Kasparek. 2017. “Under Control? Or Border (as) Conflict: Reflections on the European Border Regime.” Social Inclusion 5(3): 58–68.https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i3.1004

Hess, Sabine & Bernd Kasparek. 2022. “Historicizing the Balkan Route: Governing Migration through Mobility.” In Viapolitics: Borders, Migration and the Power of Locomotion, eds. William Walters, Charles Heller & Lorenzo Pezzani, 183–208. Durham: Duke University Press.

Hoag, Colin. 2011. “Assembling Partial Perspectives: Thoughts on the Anthropology of Bureaucracy.” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 34(1): 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2011.01140.x

Infantino, Federica. 2024. “Borders, Embassies, and Visas: the Lessons of Sociological Lenses.” In Research Handbook on the Sociology of Migration, eds. Giuseppe Sciortino, Martina Cvajner & Peter J. Kivisto, 307–318. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Jordan, Joanna & Sarah Moser. 2020. “Researching Migrants in Informal Transit Camps Along the Balkan Route: Reflections on Volunteer Activism, Access, and Reciprocity.” Area 52 (3): 566–574. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12614

Kasparek, Bernd & Marc Speer. 2015. “Of Hope. Hungary and the Long Summer of Migration.” bordermonitoring.eu. Last modified September 9, 2015. https://bordermonitoring.eu/ungarn/2015/09/of-hope-en/

Keshavarz, Mahmoud. 2024. “Smuggling as a Material Critique of Borders.” Geopolitics 29(4): 1143-1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2023.2268528

Lindquist, Johan A. 2009. The Anxieties of Mobility: Migration and Tourism in the Indonesian Borderlands. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

Marcus, George E. 1995. “Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523

Milan, Chiara. 2019. “Refugees at the Gates of the EU: Civic Initiatives and Grassroots Responses to the Refugee Crisis along the Western Balkans

Route.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 21 (1): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2018.1532686

Moser, Sarah. 2008. “Personality: a New Positionality?” Area 40 (3): 383–392.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00815.x

Tazzioli, Martina & Nicholas De Genova. 2016. “Europe/Crisis: Introducing New Keywords of “the Crisis” in and of “Europe”. In Europe at a Crossroads: Managed Inhospitality, eds. Nicholas De Genova & Martina Tazzioli. Zone Books Near Futures Online. Last modified March 2016. https://nearfuturesonline.org/europecrisis-new-keywords-of-crisis-in-and-of-europe/

Passport Index. n.d. “Global Passport Power Rank 2025. Passports of the world ranked by their total mobility score.” Accessed December 1, 2025. https://www.passportindex.org/byRank.php

Queirolo Palmas, Luca & Federico Rahola. 2020. Underground Europe. Lungo le rotte migranti. Milano: Meltemi.

Salazar, Noel B., Alice Elliot & Roger Norum. 2017. “Introduction. Studying Mobilities: Theoretical Notes and Methodological Queries.” In Methodologies of Mobility: Ethnography and Experiment, eds. Alice Elliot, Roger Norum & Noel B. Salazar, 1–24. New York: Berghahn.

Salter, Mark B. 2006. “The Global Visa Regime and the Political Technologies of the International Self: Borders, Bodies, Biopolitics.” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 31 (2): 167–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540603100203

Sarajevo Times. 2022. “Sarajevo among the four most polluted cities in the world”. Accessed: January 2, 2022. https://sarajevotimes.com/sarajevo-among-the-four-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world/

Torpey, John. 1998. “Coming and Going: On the State Monopolization of the Legitimate “Means of Movement”.” Sociological Theory 16 (3): 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00055

Walters, William. 2002. “Mapping Schengenland: Denaturalizing the Border.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20 (5): 561–580. https://doi.org/10.1068/d274t

##submission.downloads##

Објављено

2026-05-25