Лимитирана креативност: Жене у српској архитектури од почетка 20. века до данас
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GEI1702437V UDC 72-055.2(497.11)″19/20″
Сажетак
Циљ рада је да укаже на промене положаја жена као стручњака у домену архитектуре
у временском распону од почетка 20. века до данас, и то посматрано кроз призму
њихових архитектонских остварења и постигнућа у струци, као облика остварења
права и изједначења положаја у односу на колеге мушкарце. Рад такође има за циљ да
осветли разлоге прећутног прихватања система дискриминаторског карактера, који је
женама архитектама омогућавао једино да буду „анонимне сараднице“ (како би могле
да се баве послом), „помоћнице у професији“ (урбанисти, планери или критичари и
публицисти, захваљујући чему стичу највише популарности и успеха), или да постану
„реформаторке“, посебно у домену законодавних реформи, планирања и изградње
итд., и то суштински тек након Другог светског рата, паралелно са процесом
модернизације и еманципације становништва, као и доношењем Закона о неважности
претходних дискриминаторских прописа, када су жене де факто стекле право гласа. У
раду је посебно третиран статус жене архитекте данас, која се уз сва професионална
искушења налази и у противречној ситуацији – с једне стране, на позицији стуба
породичног и друштвеног живота, а с друге се непрестано суочава са покушајима да
се потисне из главних токова професионалног живота и да се оспори њен значај, улога
и утицај у друштву.
Кључне речи: модернизација, жене, архитектура, еманципација, Србија, Београд.
Reference
Bakić, Ljiljana. 2012. The Anatomy of B&B Architecture. Belgrade.
Bogunović, Slobodan – Giša. 2005. Arhitektonska enciklopedija Beograda XIX i XX
veka, II. Arhitekti [Encyclopaedia of Architecture of Belgrade, II. Architects].
Belgrade: Beogradska knjiga.
Borovnjak, Djurdjija. 2008 – 2009. Arhitektura dva skolska objekata Jovanke
Boncic Katerinic u Beogradu, zgrada Ženske uciteljske skole i Veterinarskog
fakulteta [Architecture of two school buildings designed by Jovanka
Boncic Katerinic in Belgrade, the buildings of the Women Teachers' Training
School and Veterinary Faculty]. Annual of the City of Belgrade, Vol.
LV - LVI: 265 – 290.
Božinović, Neda. 1996. Žensko pitanje u Srbiji u XIX i XX veku [Woman's Issue in
Serbia in the 19th and 20th Centuries]. Belgrade: Pinkpress.
Draškić, Marija i Popović – Obradović, Olga. 1997. “Pravni položaj žene prema
Srpskom građanskom zakoniku (1844 – 1946)” [The legal status of women
under the Serbian Civil Code (1844 – 1946)]. In Srbija u modernizacijskim procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [Serbia in
modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of
women as a measure of modernisation], 11-25. Belgrade: Institute for Recent
Serbian History.
Djordjević, Tihomir R. 1922. Iz Srbije kneza Milosa. Kulturne prilike od 1815 -
1839. godine [Serbia during the Rule of Prince Miloš. Cultural conditions
in the period 1815 - 1839]. Belgrade: The Publishing Bookstore of Geca
Kon.
Djordjević, Tihomir R. 1924. Iz Srbije kneza Milosa. Stanovnistvo – Naselja [Serbia
during the Rule of Prince Miloš. Population – Settlements]. Belgrade: The
Publishing Bookstore of Geca Kon.
Djurić–Zamolo, Divna. 1996. „Građa za proucavanje dela žena arhitekata sa Beogradskog
univerziteta generacije 1896 - 1940“ [“Material for exploring
the works of women who graduated from the Belgrade University – the
generation of students 1896 – 1940”]. PINUS zapisi No.5:.1 – 89.
Ibrajter – Gazibara. 2014. “Jelisaveta Nacic talentovana graditeljka Beograda” [Jelisaveta
Nacic – the talented woman architect]. In Žene u arhitekturi: savremena
arhitektura u Srbiji posle 1900 [Women in Architecture: contemporary
architecture in Serbia since 1900], editor-in-Chief Milena Zindovic,
42-49. Belgrade: Centre for Architecture.
Ivanović, Nevena. 2002. „Obrazovanje žena: Izazov zajednici?“ [Education of
Women: Challenge for Community?]. Rec. No. 65/II: 169 - 192.
Jovanović, Jelica. 2013. Zagonetna dama naše moderne /A Mysterious Lady of Our
Modern Movement/, www.cab.rs/tag/ivanka-raspopovic. (accessed 27.06.
2016)
Kadijević, Aleksandar. 2009. “Interpolacije u beogradskoj novijoj arhitekturi. Neomodernistička
autorska interpolacija u Takovskoj ulici (2003-2008)” [Interpolations
in the recent Belgrade Architecture. Neo-modernist author’s
Interpolation in Takovska Street (2003-2008)]. Nasledje X: 203-212.
Kojić, Branislav. 1979. Drustveni uslovi razvitka arhitektonske struke u Beogradu
1920 – 1940. godine [Social conditions for the development of architectural
profession in Belgrade in the period 1920 – 1940]. Belgrade: Academy
of Science and Arts (SASA), Special editions, Vol. DXVI. Department of
Social Sciences, Vol. 81.
Kulić, Vladimir. 2005. “Žene u arhitekturi: imena, brojevi, stratetegije” [Women in
Architecture: Names, Numbers, Strategies]. In Mapiranje mizoginije u
Srbiji II [Mapping Misogyny in Serbia II], Vol. 2, edited by Marina Blagojevic,
250-265. Belgrade: AZIN.
Marković, Peđa J. 1992. Beograd i Evropa 1918 – 1941 [Belgrade and Europe in
the period 1918 – 1941]. Belgrade: Savremena administracija d.d.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana. 2005. “Disciplina arhitekture i sloboda duha” [Architecture
Discipline and Freedom of Spirit]. Arhitektura i urbanizam 16/17: 7-
13.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana. 2010. Bakić, Dragoljub i Ljiljana, Srpska enciklopedija
/The Serbian Encyclopaedia/, Vol. I, Novi Sad-Belgrade: Matica Srpska,
SANU, Institute for Textbooks Publishing: 468-9.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana, Lovrić, Vladimir, Bulajić, Zoran, ed. 2010. Portreti
arhitekata: retrospektiva članova Arhitektonske sekcije ULUPUDS-a [Portraits
of Architects: Retrospective of members of the ULUPUDS Section
for Architecture]. Belgrade: Vizuelno.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana. 2015. “O kontekstu u arhitekturi. Ksenija Bulatović.
Vesna Cagić Milošević” [About the Context in Architecture. Ksenija Bulatović.
Vesna Cagić Milošević]. In Arhitektura u Kontekstu, prepared by
Danica Jovović Prodanović. Belgrade: Cultural Centre of Belgrade.
Nožinić, Olivera. 1983. “Jelisaveta Načić – prva žena arhitekta u Srbiji” [Jelisaveta
Nacic – the first woman architect in Serbia]. Zbornik za likovne umetnosti
Matice srpske [Matica Srpska Collection of Visual Arts], No. 19: 275 –
294.
Obradović, Mirjana. 1998. “Udruženje univerzitetski obrazovanih žena u Jugoslaviji
1927 – 1941. godine.” In Srbija u modernizacijskim procesima 19. i 20.
veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [Association of University-
Educated Women in Yugoslavia in the period 1927 – 1941, In: Serbia in
modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of
women as a measure of modernisation], 252-262. Belgrade: Institute for
Recent Serbian History.
Perović, Latinka. 1998. “Modernost i patrijahalnost kroz prizmu državnih ženskih
institucija: Viša ženska skola (1863-1913)”. In Srbija u modernizacijskim
procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [The modernity
and patriarchy through the prism of public women's institutions:
Women's College (1863-1913), In: Serbia in modernisation processes in
the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of women as a measure of modernisation],
239-251. Belgrade: Institute for Recent Serbian History.
Perović, Latinka. 1993. Srpsko – ruske revolucionarne veze. Prilozi za istoriju
narodnjastva u Srbiji [Serbian-Russian revolutionary ties. Contributions to
the history of populism in Serbia]. Belgrade: Public Company „Official
Gazette of FRY“.
Prošić-Dvornić, Mirjana. 1985. „Žensko pitanje u Srbiji krajem XIX i pocetkom
XX veka i casopis 'Domacica' (1879-1918)“ [Women’s issue in the late
19th and early 20th centuries and ‘Domacica’ Journal]. Glasnik
Etnografskog institute SANU Vol. XXXIV: 47 - 70.
Roter-Blagojević, Mirjana. 1997. „Nastava arhitekture na visim i visokoskolskim
ustanovama u Beogradu tokom 19. i pocetkom 20. veka. Uticaj stranih i domacih graditelja” [Architecture at colleges and higher education institutions
in Belgrade in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Influence of foreign
and domestic architects]. Annual of the City of Belgrade, Vol. XIV: 125-
168.
Roter Blagojević, Mirjana. 2013. „Zgrada Uciteljskog fakulteta u Beogradu“
[Building of the Teachers’ Training Faculty in Belgrade]. In Teachers’
Training Faculty 1993 – 2013, 32-35. Belgrade: Teachers’s Training Faculty.
Stojanović, Dubravka. 1998. Žene „u smislu razumevanja naseg naroda“ [Women
„in the context of understanding our people“]. In Srbija u modernizacijskim
procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [Serbia in
modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of
women as a measure of modernisation], 239-251. Belgrade: Institute for
Recent Serbian History.
Stojanović, Dubravka. 2009. Kaldrma i asfalt. Urbanizacija i evropeizacija Beograda
1890 – 1914. [The paving stone and asphalt. Urbanisation and Europeanisation
of Belgrade in the period 1890 – 1914]. Belgrade: The Social
History Association.
Šiljaković, Dr Ivana. 2005. “Nova područja sukoba između muškarca i žene” [New
Areas of Conflicts Between Men and Women]. Teme No.3: 323-336.
Toseva, Snezana. 1996. “Danica Kojic (1899 – 1975).” Annual of the City of Belgrade,
Vol. XLIII: 109 - 121.
Toševa, Snežana. 1997. “Arhitekta Milica Krstic (1887 – 1964)” [Architect Milica
Krstić (1887 – 1964)]. Annual of the City of Belgrade Vol. XLIV: 95 - 112.
Trgovčević, Ljubinka, 1998. “O studentkinjama u Srbiji na stranim univerzitetima
do 1914. godine” [About the women students at universities until 1914]. In
Srbija u modernizacijskim procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo
modernizacije. [Serbia in modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th
centuries. The position of women as a measure of modernisation], 83-100.
Belgrade: Institute for Recent Serbian History.
Trgovčević, Ljubinka. 2011. „The Professional Emancipation of Women in the 19th
Century Serbia“. Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society
for Serbian Studies No. 25 (1): 7 - 19.
Vilotijević, Mladen. 2013. „Osnivanje prve uciteljske skole u Srbiji (s desne strane
Save i Dunava)“ [Establishment of the first teachers’ training school in
Serbia (on the right side of the Sava and Danube rivers]. In Teachers’
Training Faculty 1993 – 2013, 21-31. Belgrade: Teachers’ Training Faculty.
Vukotić Lazar, Marta. 2015. “Uloga arhitekte Nikole Dobrovica na implementaciji
savremenih urbanistickih i arhitektonskih teorija i poetika u institucionalno
planiranje urbanog razvoja Beograda - prilog sagledavanju i tumacenju ‘Dobrovicevog Generalstaba’ u kontekstu vizije ‘Velikog Beograda’“ [The
role of architect Nikola Dobrovic in the application of contemporary urban
planning and architecture theory and poetics in the institutional planning of
urban development of Belgrade – a contribution to the consideration and
interpretation of the „Dobrović's Army Headquarters“ in the context of the
“Big Belgrade” vision]. Glasnik Etnografskog institute SANU Vol. LXIII
(2): 411-431.
Примљено / Received: 19. 01. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 21. 08. 2017.
Bogunović, Slobodan – Giša. 2005. Arhitektonska enciklopedija Beograda XIX i XX
veka, II. Arhitekti [Encyclopaedia of Architecture of Belgrade, II. Architects].
Belgrade: Beogradska knjiga.
Borovnjak, Djurdjija. 2008 – 2009. Arhitektura dva skolska objekata Jovanke
Boncic Katerinic u Beogradu, zgrada Ženske uciteljske skole i Veterinarskog
fakulteta [Architecture of two school buildings designed by Jovanka
Boncic Katerinic in Belgrade, the buildings of the Women Teachers' Training
School and Veterinary Faculty]. Annual of the City of Belgrade, Vol.
LV - LVI: 265 – 290.
Božinović, Neda. 1996. Žensko pitanje u Srbiji u XIX i XX veku [Woman's Issue in
Serbia in the 19th and 20th Centuries]. Belgrade: Pinkpress.
Draškić, Marija i Popović – Obradović, Olga. 1997. “Pravni položaj žene prema
Srpskom građanskom zakoniku (1844 – 1946)” [The legal status of women
under the Serbian Civil Code (1844 – 1946)]. In Srbija u modernizacijskim procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [Serbia in
modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of
women as a measure of modernisation], 11-25. Belgrade: Institute for Recent
Serbian History.
Djordjević, Tihomir R. 1922. Iz Srbije kneza Milosa. Kulturne prilike od 1815 -
1839. godine [Serbia during the Rule of Prince Miloš. Cultural conditions
in the period 1815 - 1839]. Belgrade: The Publishing Bookstore of Geca
Kon.
Djordjević, Tihomir R. 1924. Iz Srbije kneza Milosa. Stanovnistvo – Naselja [Serbia
during the Rule of Prince Miloš. Population – Settlements]. Belgrade: The
Publishing Bookstore of Geca Kon.
Djurić–Zamolo, Divna. 1996. „Građa za proucavanje dela žena arhitekata sa Beogradskog
univerziteta generacije 1896 - 1940“ [“Material for exploring
the works of women who graduated from the Belgrade University – the
generation of students 1896 – 1940”]. PINUS zapisi No.5:.1 – 89.
Ibrajter – Gazibara. 2014. “Jelisaveta Nacic talentovana graditeljka Beograda” [Jelisaveta
Nacic – the talented woman architect]. In Žene u arhitekturi: savremena
arhitektura u Srbiji posle 1900 [Women in Architecture: contemporary
architecture in Serbia since 1900], editor-in-Chief Milena Zindovic,
42-49. Belgrade: Centre for Architecture.
Ivanović, Nevena. 2002. „Obrazovanje žena: Izazov zajednici?“ [Education of
Women: Challenge for Community?]. Rec. No. 65/II: 169 - 192.
Jovanović, Jelica. 2013. Zagonetna dama naše moderne /A Mysterious Lady of Our
Modern Movement/, www.cab.rs/tag/ivanka-raspopovic. (accessed 27.06.
2016)
Kadijević, Aleksandar. 2009. “Interpolacije u beogradskoj novijoj arhitekturi. Neomodernistička
autorska interpolacija u Takovskoj ulici (2003-2008)” [Interpolations
in the recent Belgrade Architecture. Neo-modernist author’s
Interpolation in Takovska Street (2003-2008)]. Nasledje X: 203-212.
Kojić, Branislav. 1979. Drustveni uslovi razvitka arhitektonske struke u Beogradu
1920 – 1940. godine [Social conditions for the development of architectural
profession in Belgrade in the period 1920 – 1940]. Belgrade: Academy
of Science and Arts (SASA), Special editions, Vol. DXVI. Department of
Social Sciences, Vol. 81.
Kulić, Vladimir. 2005. “Žene u arhitekturi: imena, brojevi, stratetegije” [Women in
Architecture: Names, Numbers, Strategies]. In Mapiranje mizoginije u
Srbiji II [Mapping Misogyny in Serbia II], Vol. 2, edited by Marina Blagojevic,
250-265. Belgrade: AZIN.
Marković, Peđa J. 1992. Beograd i Evropa 1918 – 1941 [Belgrade and Europe in
the period 1918 – 1941]. Belgrade: Savremena administracija d.d.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana. 2005. “Disciplina arhitekture i sloboda duha” [Architecture
Discipline and Freedom of Spirit]. Arhitektura i urbanizam 16/17: 7-
13.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana. 2010. Bakić, Dragoljub i Ljiljana, Srpska enciklopedija
/The Serbian Encyclopaedia/, Vol. I, Novi Sad-Belgrade: Matica Srpska,
SANU, Institute for Textbooks Publishing: 468-9.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana, Lovrić, Vladimir, Bulajić, Zoran, ed. 2010. Portreti
arhitekata: retrospektiva članova Arhitektonske sekcije ULUPUDS-a [Portraits
of Architects: Retrospective of members of the ULUPUDS Section
for Architecture]. Belgrade: Vizuelno.
Milašinović Marić, Dijana. 2015. “O kontekstu u arhitekturi. Ksenija Bulatović.
Vesna Cagić Milošević” [About the Context in Architecture. Ksenija Bulatović.
Vesna Cagić Milošević]. In Arhitektura u Kontekstu, prepared by
Danica Jovović Prodanović. Belgrade: Cultural Centre of Belgrade.
Nožinić, Olivera. 1983. “Jelisaveta Načić – prva žena arhitekta u Srbiji” [Jelisaveta
Nacic – the first woman architect in Serbia]. Zbornik za likovne umetnosti
Matice srpske [Matica Srpska Collection of Visual Arts], No. 19: 275 –
294.
Obradović, Mirjana. 1998. “Udruženje univerzitetski obrazovanih žena u Jugoslaviji
1927 – 1941. godine.” In Srbija u modernizacijskim procesima 19. i 20.
veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [Association of University-
Educated Women in Yugoslavia in the period 1927 – 1941, In: Serbia in
modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of
women as a measure of modernisation], 252-262. Belgrade: Institute for
Recent Serbian History.
Perović, Latinka. 1998. “Modernost i patrijahalnost kroz prizmu državnih ženskih
institucija: Viša ženska skola (1863-1913)”. In Srbija u modernizacijskim
procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [The modernity
and patriarchy through the prism of public women's institutions:
Women's College (1863-1913), In: Serbia in modernisation processes in
the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of women as a measure of modernisation],
239-251. Belgrade: Institute for Recent Serbian History.
Perović, Latinka. 1993. Srpsko – ruske revolucionarne veze. Prilozi za istoriju
narodnjastva u Srbiji [Serbian-Russian revolutionary ties. Contributions to
the history of populism in Serbia]. Belgrade: Public Company „Official
Gazette of FRY“.
Prošić-Dvornić, Mirjana. 1985. „Žensko pitanje u Srbiji krajem XIX i pocetkom
XX veka i casopis 'Domacica' (1879-1918)“ [Women’s issue in the late
19th and early 20th centuries and ‘Domacica’ Journal]. Glasnik
Etnografskog institute SANU Vol. XXXIV: 47 - 70.
Roter-Blagojević, Mirjana. 1997. „Nastava arhitekture na visim i visokoskolskim
ustanovama u Beogradu tokom 19. i pocetkom 20. veka. Uticaj stranih i domacih graditelja” [Architecture at colleges and higher education institutions
in Belgrade in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Influence of foreign
and domestic architects]. Annual of the City of Belgrade, Vol. XIV: 125-
168.
Roter Blagojević, Mirjana. 2013. „Zgrada Uciteljskog fakulteta u Beogradu“
[Building of the Teachers’ Training Faculty in Belgrade]. In Teachers’
Training Faculty 1993 – 2013, 32-35. Belgrade: Teachers’s Training Faculty.
Stojanović, Dubravka. 1998. Žene „u smislu razumevanja naseg naroda“ [Women
„in the context of understanding our people“]. In Srbija u modernizacijskim
procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo modernizacije [Serbia in
modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th centuries. The position of
women as a measure of modernisation], 239-251. Belgrade: Institute for
Recent Serbian History.
Stojanović, Dubravka. 2009. Kaldrma i asfalt. Urbanizacija i evropeizacija Beograda
1890 – 1914. [The paving stone and asphalt. Urbanisation and Europeanisation
of Belgrade in the period 1890 – 1914]. Belgrade: The Social
History Association.
Šiljaković, Dr Ivana. 2005. “Nova područja sukoba između muškarca i žene” [New
Areas of Conflicts Between Men and Women]. Teme No.3: 323-336.
Toseva, Snezana. 1996. “Danica Kojic (1899 – 1975).” Annual of the City of Belgrade,
Vol. XLIII: 109 - 121.
Toševa, Snežana. 1997. “Arhitekta Milica Krstic (1887 – 1964)” [Architect Milica
Krstić (1887 – 1964)]. Annual of the City of Belgrade Vol. XLIV: 95 - 112.
Trgovčević, Ljubinka, 1998. “O studentkinjama u Srbiji na stranim univerzitetima
do 1914. godine” [About the women students at universities until 1914]. In
Srbija u modernizacijskim procesima 19. i 20. veka. Položaj žena kao merilo
modernizacije. [Serbia in modernisation processes in the 19th and 20th
centuries. The position of women as a measure of modernisation], 83-100.
Belgrade: Institute for Recent Serbian History.
Trgovčević, Ljubinka. 2011. „The Professional Emancipation of Women in the 19th
Century Serbia“. Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society
for Serbian Studies No. 25 (1): 7 - 19.
Vilotijević, Mladen. 2013. „Osnivanje prve uciteljske skole u Srbiji (s desne strane
Save i Dunava)“ [Establishment of the first teachers’ training school in
Serbia (on the right side of the Sava and Danube rivers]. In Teachers’
Training Faculty 1993 – 2013, 21-31. Belgrade: Teachers’ Training Faculty.
Vukotić Lazar, Marta. 2015. “Uloga arhitekte Nikole Dobrovica na implementaciji
savremenih urbanistickih i arhitektonskih teorija i poetika u institucionalno
planiranje urbanog razvoja Beograda - prilog sagledavanju i tumacenju ‘Dobrovicevog Generalstaba’ u kontekstu vizije ‘Velikog Beograda’“ [The
role of architect Nikola Dobrovic in the application of contemporary urban
planning and architecture theory and poetics in the institutional planning of
urban development of Belgrade – a contribution to the consideration and
interpretation of the „Dobrović's Army Headquarters“ in the context of the
“Big Belgrade” vision]. Glasnik Etnografskog institute SANU Vol. LXIII
(2): 411-431.
Примљено / Received: 19. 01. 2017.
Прихваћено / Accepted: 21. 08. 2017.
Објављено
20.12.2020.
Како цитирати
VUKOTIĆ LAZAR (SERBIA), Marta; MILAŠINOVIĆ MARIĆ, Dijana.
Лимитирана креативност: Жене у српској архитектури од почетка 20. века до данас.
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, [S.l.], v. 65, n. 2, p. 437-455, dec. 2020.
ISSN 2334-8259.
Доступно на:
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/175>.
Датум приступа: 20 apr. 2024
<https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/175>.
Датум приступа: 20 apr. 2024
Број часописа
Секција
Varia
